The Level of Interleukin-18 in the Oral Fluid in Primary School Children With Chronic Catarrhal Gingivitis and Type I Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

The aim: Of our research work was to study the level of proinflammatory interleukin-18 (IL-18) in the oral fluid of children with type I diabetes mellitus (DM), and to determine their periodontal status and the level of oral hygiene. Materials and methods: 82 children were examined, they were divided into groups by presence of gingivitis and diabetes mellitus. The level of interleukin-18 in oral fluid was determined by immunoassay. Results: In patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis and type I diabetes mellitus the level of interleukin-18 in oral fluid is the highest (70.91±7.48 pg / ml); the level of interleukin-18 in children with diabetes mellitus and healthy gums is high enough too, it is 14.87±1.11 pg / ml. Interleukin-18 is 3.41±0.25 pg / ml in healthy children with healthy gums. It is 5.74±0.27 pg / ml in somatically healthy children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis. Conclusions: We indicated that an increase in the value of interleukin-18 in oral fluid is associated with the presence of diabetes mellitus in children. Moreover, this cytokine can be considered as a potential biomarker of gum inflammation in children with diabetes mellitus.

Investigating the Interplay: Periodontal Disease and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Studies

“…Controversial results have been reported regarding IL-18 levels in children with T1DM due to limitations in collecting samples from an adequate number of patients in order to draw safe conclusions. GCF IL-18 levels were found higher in children with T1DM (n=30) and gingivitis compared to healthy children with gingivitis (n=13) (Maksymenko et al, 2021), while in a larger study GCF IL-18 levels were similar between diabetic (n=44) and healthy children (n=44) with gingivitis (Keles et al, 2020). While most of the studies compared levels of inflammatory cytokines between diabetic and systemically healthy patients, one very interesting study compared immune markers between T1DM and T2DM with periodontitis (Aspriello et al, 2011).…”

Evaluation of Oral Hygiene and Periodontal Indices of 6–14-Year-Old Children with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

“…Children with this endocrine pathology are characterized by the following features: forced frequent eating; violation of self-cleaning processes in the oral cavity; reducing the resistance of the macroorganism and local protective factors; disturbances in the system of oral homeostasis caused by changes in the regulatory, secretory, protective, excretory, mineralizing and digestive functions of the salivary glands; accumulation of dental plaque; the minimum level of anti-infective protection of the oral cavity; increasing the activity of anaerobic microbial flora; hyposalivation, etc. As a result, persons with DM can have complications, primarily related to biological changes caused by hyperglycemia [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”