The life-course impact of smoking on hypertension, myocardial infarction and respiratory diseases

Abstract

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of smoking on respiratory diseases, hypertension and myocardial infarction, with a particular focus from a life-course perspective. In this study, 28,577 males from a Chinese longitudinal survey were analysed. The effects of smoking on the risk of respiratory diseases, hypertension and myocardial infarction were assessed from a life-course perspective and a current view separately. No significant associations were found between smoking and the risk of incident respiratory diseases, hypertension and myocardial infarction in the group younger than 35. Among study participants aged between 36–55 and 56–80, smoking was positively associated with the risk of incident respiratory diseases, hypertension and myocardial infarction from the life-course perspective, and the risk increased with age. In contrast, the results from a current view showed inverse associations between smoking and the risk of the diseases mentioned above. Our findings highlight that it is essential to quantify the effects of smoking from a life-course perspective in future research and to suggest that smokers quit smoking as soon as possible, regardless of the temporary side effects of quitting.

Smoking Habit, Physical Activity and Hypertension Among Middle Aged Men

“…Meanwhile the non-smokers have a higher proportion of having hypertension stage 2. This study have a contradicting result with other study which stated that smoking habit can increase blood pressure (Leone, 2015;Gao et al, 2017).…”

“…On the other hand 27.9% of the subjects did not have any intention to stop smoking with the reason that they felt weak, sick, not good, dizzy, and sleepy if they did not smoke, feeling difficult to stop smoking because they were addicted, inhibiting social communication, often being offered cigarettes by other parties, and to get rid of bad smell in the mouth. Many studies revealed that smoking habit can arouse various kinds of diseases, such as respiratory diseases (Jayes et al, 2016), cardiovascular diseases (Mons et al, 2015), high blood pressure (Gao et al, 2017), and cancer (Proctor, 2012).…”

“…Physical activity have a benefit effect on prevention of hypertension (Diaz & Shimbo, 2013). Meanwhile, cigarette smoking increase systolic blood pressure and heart rate (Leone, 2015;Gao et al, 2017). In contrast, other study showed there was no differences between smoking status and hypertension prevalence (Pankova et al, 2015;Li et al, 2017).…”

Differences in prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors in urban and rural residents of the northeastern region of the People’s Republic of China: A cross-sectional study

“…A study from the Shandong province [ 24 ] suggested that dietary salt intake is high, especially in rural areas, and has not changed much in the province over the past 10 years. Other risk factors for hypertension included age, overweight, obesity [ 38 – 40 ] and modifiable lifestyle factors, such as alcohol consumption [ 41 , 42 ] and smoking [ 43 , 44 ], which are consistent with previous studies.…”

Risk factor profile for non-communicable diseases: findings of a STEPS survey from urban settlement of Bangalore

“…A study conducted by Gao et al, also reported that life course adjusted smoking consumption is significantly positively associated with risks of hypertension. 37 Findings of a study conducted by Pietiläinen et al, showed that the risk of general obesity (OR 3.9) and especially central obesity (OR 4.8) significantly increases in physically inactive adolescents. 38 Experimental evidence from interventional studies have also confirmed a relationship between physical activity and hypertension as the exercise reduces blood pressure have been well characterized in recent years.…”