The Life-Cycle and Habits ofCulicoides ImpunctatusGoetghebuer andCulicoides ObsoletusMeigen, Together with Some Observations on the Life-Cycle ofCulicoides OdibilisAusten,Culicoides PallidicornisKieffer,Culicoides CubitalisEdwards andCulicoides ChiopterusMeigen

Hill, Marjorie A.

doi:10.1080/00034983.1947.11685315

Cited by 80 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In addition, the period of time within the day is important. While most species of Culicoides show a maximum of activity at dawn (Olbrich 1987;Hill 1947), females of some hematophagous Aug 07…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present investigation, 22 species were found in Rheinland-Palatinate and 12 in Saarland, but the diversity at the sampling sites differed strongly. Some of the species seem to be ubiquitous: species of the Obsoletus complex occur almost worldwide (Campbell and Pelham-Clinton 1960) and were found in Europe on the islands Cyprus, Mallorca, Minorca, and Corsica and in Italy, France, Great Britain, The Netherlands, and Germany (Hill 1947;Mellor and Pitzolis 1979;Olbrich 1987;Baldet et al 2004;Miranda et al 2004;Baldet and Delécolle 2006;Takken et al 2006). The majority of investigations did not determine the specimens up to the species level in this complex, but C. obsoletus s.s. and Culicoides scoticus seem to be the most distributed species.…”

Section: Number Of Individuals X 10³mentioning

confidence: 94%

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Monitoring of Ceratopogonidae in Southwest Germany

et al. 2009

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Within the entomological monitoring program of the German federal ministry of food, agriculture, and user protection (BMELV), at 12 cattle farms in Rhineland-Palatinate and two in Saarland, ultraviolet lamp traps were used to monitor the distribution and seasonal appearance of potential vectors of the bluetongue virus, with special consideration of species of Culicoides. Using the traps during the first seven nights of each month from April 2007 to May 2008, 5,000-120,000 ceratopogonids were caught at different locations, in total about 500,000 and mainly females. Ninety-four percent belonged to the genus Culicoides, and of these, 90% were Culicoides obsoletus s.l., 6% were Culicoides pulicaris s.l., and 4% were other species of this genus. In all traps, the first ceratopogonids were caught in April 2007, the total number peaking in August 2007. After a reduction in September, a lower peak occurred in October. During the whole winter, some ceratopogonids were active. At nearly all locations, the total numbers of C. obsoletus s.l., C. pulicaris s.l., and of other ceratopogonids were significantly correlated with the temperatures, and higher population densities of C. obsoletus s.l. seemed to occur at altitudes of about 300 m above sea level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Number Of Individuals X 10³mentioning

confidence: 94%

Monitoring of Ceratopogonidae in Southwest Germany

et al. 2009

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“…In general Culicoides eggs usually hatch in 4-5 days at 25 ºC but in one northern European species (C. grisescens) hatching was reported to take 7-8 months (Parker, 1949). For the temperate C. obsoletus Hill (1947) observed that "…hatching occurred in the laboratory from 30 hours to 11 days after oviposition, but the average time taken was three days". For the tropical C. imicola at 30 °C the eggs hatch within 2-3 days with the egg to adult cycle being rapid (9-10 days).…”

Section: The Culicoides Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The form of these structures varies markedly amongst species reflecting the wide diversity of feeding niches occupied in nature. Larvae of the European C. nubeculosus browse upon surface bacterial films and on algal and fungal growth (Megahed, 1956); other species are known to feed on microorganisms and nematodes (Hill, 1947). The length of the larval development is regulated by temperature and nutritive richness of the breeding sites varying from a week in tropical species like C. loxodontis (Meiswinkel, 1992) to nearly two years in some Arctic species (Downes, 1962); Hill (1947) found that "…the length of the larval stage of C. obsoletus in the laboratory varies and may last up to 5 months, but the majority…pupated within 3.5 months".…”

Section: The Culicoides Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each generation occupied approximately 23 days (Braverman and Linley, 1988). In England Hill (1947) maintained C. obsoletus under field conditions noting that "…from eggs laid in August…no adults were recovered until May, 1946". From this account it is clear that the life cycle in temperate species of Culicoides can be greatly prolonged.…”

Section: Univoltinism and Multivoltinismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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