The Life History and Morphology of Spiroxys contortus (Rudolphi); Nematoda: Spiruridae

A new species of the genus Spiroxys (Nematoda; Spiruroidea) from Australian chelonians of the genus Chelodina (Chelidae)

“…19 Life-history notes. With adult S. chelodinae collected from C. longicollis, were specimens that are very similar to specimens described by Hedrick (1935b) and Hasegawa & Otsuru (1978), as fourth- stage larvae of S. contortus and larvae of S. japonicus, respectively. The specimens were found embedded in the same ulcers as adult S. chelodinae.…”

The parasites of the invasive Chinese sleeperPerccottus glenii(Fam. Odontobutidae), with the first report ofNippotaenia mogurndaein Ukraine

“…This tapeworm has already been reported from the Chinese sleeper in the European part of Russia, where it infects from 3.6% to 37.5% of fish (Sokolov et al, 2011b. The nematode Spiroxys contortus is a parasite from the European pond terrapin [Emys orbicularis (L., 1758)] but the paratenic hosts are different small-sized fish, insect larvae, tadpoles and adult frogs (Hedrick, 1935;Moravec, 1994). It is considered a common parasite of the invasive Chinese sleeper in Russian waters, infecting up to 100% of fish (Sokolov et al, 2011b.…”

Severe granulomatous gastric lesions following migration of Spiroxys contortus larvae (Nematoda: Spirurida) in European pond turtles, Emys orbicularis

“…The nematodes (n = 226) were collected in 70 % ethanol and submitted to the Department of Parasitology for specific identification. The morphological characters used for morphological identification are presented in details by Hedrick (1935) and Mihalca (2007). In three of the eight turtles, at the stomach level we have noticed the presence of gross lesions (focal whitish spots and thickening of the gastric wall).…”

“…Species of genus Spiroxys live in the stomach mucosa of fresh water turtles and use aquatic crustaceans as intermediate hosts (Mader, 2006 (Edwards et al, 1974;Baker, 1987;McAllister et al, 1993;Anderson, 2000;Platt, 2000;Gonzales, 2010). Hedrick (1935) provided detailed information on development of larval S. contortus encapsulated in the stomach of the painted turtle, C. picta. Various cyclop species (family Cyclopidae) serve as intermediate hosts (Hedrick, 1935).…”

“…Hedrick (1935) provided detailed information on development of larval S. contortus encapsulated in the stomach of the painted turtle, C. picta. Various cyclop species (family Cyclopidae) serve as intermediate hosts (Hedrick, 1935). The infective 3 rd stage larvae were found encapsulated on the mesentery of various naturally infected paratenic aquatic hosts (dragonfly nymphs, snails, fish, amphibians, reptiles).…”