The Life History of Neoechinorhynchus rutili and Its Development in the Intermediate Host (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae)

Diseases of crayfish: A review

“…There is some controversy regarding their phylogenetic position and although some workers have considered them to be sister taxa to the Rotifera (Near, 2002), others have expressed caution (Nickol, 2006). To date only five species of acanthocephalans have been reported from crayfish, including larval stages of Polymorphus biziurae in C. destructor from Australia (Johnston and Edmonds, 1948;O'Donoghue et al, 1990), P. minutus (=boschadia) in Orconectes (Faxonius) limosus (originally reported as Cambarus affinis) by Golvan (1961), Fillicollis anatis in A. astacus by Golvan (1961), Southwellina dimorpha in P. clarkii and C. shufeldtii from the USA (Richardson and Font, 2006;Schmidt, 1973) and Neoechinorhynchus rutili in Pacifastacus trowbridgi from the USA (Merritt and Pratt, 1964). However, Merritt and Pratt (1964) considered that crayfish were a paratenic host for N. rutili since it normally utilises ostracods as an intermediate host.…”

“…To date only five species of acanthocephalans have been reported from crayfish, including larval stages of Polymorphus biziurae in C. destructor from Australia (Johnston and Edmonds, 1948;O'Donoghue et al, 1990), P. minutus (=boschadia) in Orconectes (Faxonius) limosus (originally reported as Cambarus affinis) by Golvan (1961), Fillicollis anatis in A. astacus by Golvan (1961), Southwellina dimorpha in P. clarkii and C. shufeldtii from the USA (Richardson and Font, 2006;Schmidt, 1973) and Neoechinorhynchus rutili in Pacifastacus trowbridgi from the USA (Merritt and Pratt, 1964). However, Merritt and Pratt (1964) considered that crayfish were a paratenic host for N. rutili since it normally utilises ostracods as an intermediate host. It should be noted that the listing of ''crayfish" as a host for Polymorphus formosus by Richardson and Font (2006) is incorrect as the original report by Schmidt and Kuntz (1967) used the term ''crayfish" in relation to the freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium sp.…”

Synopsis of freshwater crayfish diseases and commensal organisms

“…Only a few acanthocephalans have been reported from crayfish in Australia (Johnston and Edmonds, 1948;), Europe (von Siebold, 1835Merritt and Pratt, 1964;, and USA (Schmidt, 1973;Merritt and Pratt, 1964) (Table 3). reported Polymorphus biziurae from C. destructor in South Australia, and Overstreet and Evans (unpublished data) have seen unidentified acanthocephalan infections in marron from Western Australia.…”

“…reported Polymorphus biziurae from C. destructor in South Australia, and Overstreet and Evans (unpublished data) have seen unidentified acanthocephalan infections in marron from Western Australia. Merritt and Pratt, 1964 The prevalence of infection is often low (e.g., 0.35% in 1948 specimens of C. destructor ] and 1.9% of 154 Pacifastacus trowbridgi [Merritt and Pratt, 1964]). In some cases, the infections are paratenic, the crayfish acquiring the worm from feeding on an infected true intermediate host.…”

Syncytial organization of acanthors of Polymorphus minutus (Palaeacanthocephala), Neoechinorhynchusrutili (Eoacanthocephala), and Moniliformis moniliformis (Archiacanthocephala) (Acanthocephala)

“…All acanthors of the three investigated species show three different syncytia whereas two syncytial areas often named ''cortex' ' and ''central ''Embryonalkern'') and Merritt and Pratt 1964; for Moniliformis moniliformis (syn. M. dubius), see Moore 1946a andNicholas 1967; and for other species, see e.g., DeGiusti 1949, Harms 1965, Cable and Dill 1967, Amin 1982, and Schmidt 1985.…”