The life times of polymer composites in construction

Meier, Urs

doi:10.1063/1.4949615

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…The examples described in this paper prove that FRPs and polymers are very reliable construction materials, if correctly applied (see also [37] If FRPs are exposed to direct UV, there will be a gradual degradation of the polymer matrix at the surface. From a structural point of view this is no problem but it looks ugly.…”

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 59%

EBR Strengthening Technique for Concrete, Long-Term Behaviour and Historical Survey

Czaderski

Meier

2018

Polymers

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Epoxy bonded steel plates (externally bonded reinforcemen: EBR) for the strengthening of concrete structures were introduced to the construction industry in the late 1960s, and the use of fibre reinforced polymers (FRPs) was introduced in the 1990s, which means that these techniques have already been used in construction for 50 and 25 years, respectively. In the first part of the paper, a historical survey of the development and introduction of these strengthening techniques into the construction industry are presented. The monitoring of such applications in construction is very important and gives more confidence to this strengthening technique. Therefore, in the second part of the paper, two long-term monitoring campaigns over an extraordinarily long duration will be presented. Firstly, a 47-year monitoring campaign on a concrete beam with an epoxy bonded steel plate and, secondly, a 20-year monitoring campaign on a road bridge with epoxy bonded CFRP (carbon fibre reinforced polymers) strips are described. The paper is an expanded version of the paper presented at the SMAR2017 Conference.Keywords: externally bonded reinforcement; EBR; strengthening of reinforced concrete; epoxy adhesive; bond; steel; CFRP; long-term behaviour Historical Survey of Development of EBR Technique Research on EBR SteelThe first ideas on strengthening of concrete with epoxy bonded steel plates were presented in the 1960s by L'Hermite et al. Figure 1 showing the principle idea of applying a steel plate to a concrete beam with an adhesive (tole d'acier: steel plate and colle: adhesive). The first applications on a highway bridge and in a building followed in 1966-1967 [3]. Bresson [2] presented in the year 1971 the derivation of the differential equation of bond behaviour of EBR and its elastic solution. Afterwards, other researchers worked on that topic-for example, Johnson et al. [4] presented in 1981 a research study on sixteen tests on plated reinforced concrete members subjected to bending, shear and axial tension, in order to study the influence of geometric parameters on the maximum tensile strain that can be developed in a mild steel plate before breakdown of the adhesive layer or failure of the concrete member. No failures occurred in the epoxy adhesive, and strains exceeding yield could be developed in the plates. Furthermore, Dussek [5] described results of tests on plate-reinforced beams, discussed a design method and presented strengthening projects where steel plates were applied on several bridges in UK. A timeline of the developments discussed is displayed in Figure 2.In the 1970s and 1980s, besides the investigations mentioned above, research on the performance and on a better understanding on the epoxy bonded steel plates was also performed at Empa in City,

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Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 59%

EBR Strengthening Technique for Concrete, Long-Term Behaviour and Historical Survey

Czaderski

Meier

2018

Polymers

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“…As an advanced nonmetallic material, carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) has been considered the ideal material for replacing steel cables since 1982 [2]. Regarding their lifetime and mechanical properties, carbon-fiber composites have the highest potential for replacing steel cables, compared to aramid, glass, or basalt, because of their high strength, light weight, no corrosion risk, excellent creep and fatigue resistance, low linear expansion coefficient, and relaxation [3][4][5][6]. Existing studies have indicated that the application of CFRP could effectively solve the problems of corrosion, fatigue, self-weight, and prestress loss in the application of steel cables and could improve the overall performance of cable structures [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of a CFRP Tendon–Wedge Assembly Loaded under Transverse Compressive Loading

2023

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Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) tendons have become a viable alternative to steel cables in cable roof structures owing to their high tensile strength, low weight, and resistance to corrosion. However, the effective anchoring of CFRP tendons is a challenge because of their poor transverse mechanical properties. Therefore, the mechanical properties of CFRP tendons and a tendon–wedge assembly under transverse compression were investigated by simulating the force environment of the CFRP tendon inside an integrated-wedge anchorage. The deformation of and local damage to CFRP tendons under transverse compression were explored using load–strain curves and full-field strain measured using digital image correlation. The experimental and numerical results show that large-diameter CFRP tendons with a length in the range of 90–110 mm had better cross-sectional deformation resistance and more stable transverse mechanical properties. Longer CFRP tendons with larger diameters have lower contact compressive stress and local maximal shear stress under the same transverse compressive load. Based on the analysis of the experimental and numerical results, we propose design suggestions for tendon size selection and integrated-wedge design details, such as the manufacturing materials of the wedge, the radius through the gap of the wedge, and the radial difference of the groove, to improve the anchoring properties and efficiency of the integrated-wedge anchorage.

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The life times of polymer composites in construction

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

EBR Strengthening Technique for Concrete, Long-Term Behaviour and Historical Survey

EBR Strengthening Technique for Concrete, Long-Term Behaviour and Historical Survey

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of a CFRP Tendon–Wedge Assembly Loaded under Transverse Compressive Loading

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