In this study, Dy 3+ -doped LaNbO 4 phosphors with a blue to white emission that can be tuned by varying the activator concentration were prepared by one-step spray pyrolysis process. According to the powder X-ray diffraction results, increasing Dy 3+ concentration favored the tetragonal phase. Slight changes were observed in the recorded Raman spectra as a function of Dy 3+ concentrations while SEM (scanning electron microscopy) micrographs presented similar profiles regardless the Dy 3+ amount. Investigation of Dy 3+ emission data in the visible range showed that rising the Dy 3+ concentration progressively shifted the emission towards the white color. All samples presented a wide excitation range from 254 to 475 nm.
Keywords: spray pyrolysis, luminescence, lanthanum niobate
IntroductionOver the last years, rare earth ions (RE 3+ ) have received increasing attention: solid-state materials doped with these ions can be applied in color screens, lighting, and optical devices. [1][2][3][4][5] The luminescence properties of these materials heavily depend on the structure of the electron energy levels. In RE 3+ , chemical binding affects these levels very little because orbitals 5s and 5p shield orbital 4f efficiently. 6 The f-f transitions in RE 3+ cause an array of emissions at different wavelengths, giving rise to a plethora of colors. However, f-f transitions are forbidden by the parity selection rule (Laporte rule), so they have low excitation efficiency. Excitation requires the use of a matrix and/or sensitizer that is able to absorb energy and transfer it to an emitting ion. 6,7 Lanthanum niobate (LaNbO 4 ) is a promising material for multifunctional applications. It has a band-gap of approximately 4.8 eV and emits blue and ultraviolet light when excited with ultraviolet (UV) radiation and X-rays, respectively. 8,9 Moreover, LaNbO 4 can transfer the absorbed energy to other emitting species, leading to different fluorescence emissions. 10,11 This oxide has been prepared by a number of techniques; for example, spray pyrolysis (SP), 12-14 solid-state reaction, 15-17 reactions in solution [18][19][20] and sol-gel route. 10,21 However, with an exception of our previously published work, 22 the authors were not able to finely control the size, shape, and distribution properties. Moreover, the SP process is completed in only several seconds, while other currently available methods require several hours or days to complete the process, even requiring a post annealing treatment. Briefly, SP process involves the vaporization of precursor solution followed by the drying, precipitation and decomposition in heated tubular furnace reactors. The stoichiometric ratio in the final prepared material is the same as the precursor solution, since the reaction and aggregation volume are confined in each generated micrometric droplet, which can be seen as a micro reactor. Therefore, particles synthesized by the SP process can be obtained on a laboratory or on an industrial scale. [22][23][24][25] Among the various material...