The Light-Dark Dual Universe for the Big Bang and Dark Energy

Abstract

In the proposed light-dark dual universe, the light universe is the observable universe with light and kinetic energy that fueled the Big Bang, and the dark universe without light and kinetic energy has been observed as dark energy since about 9 billion years after the Big Bang. The light-dark dual universe started from the zero-energy universe through the four-stage cyclic transformation. Emerging from the zero-energy universe, the four-stage transformation consists of the 11D (dimensional) positive-negative energy dual membrane universe, the 10D positive-negative energy dual string universe, the 10D positive-negative energy dual particle universe, and the 4D (light)-variable D (dark) positive-negative energy dual particle asymmetrical universe. The transformation can then be reversed back to the zero-energy universe through the reverse four-stage transformation. The light universe is an observable four-dimensional universe started with the inflation and the Big Bang, and the dark universe is a variable dimensional universe from 10D to 4D. The dark universe could be observed as dark energy only when the dark universe turned into a four-dimensional universe. The four-stage transformation explains the four force fields in our universe. The theoretical calculated percentages of dark energy, dark matter, and baryonic matter are 72.8. 22.7, and 4.53, respectively, in nearly complete agreement with observed 72.8, 22.7, and 4.56, respectively. According to the calculation, dark energy started in 4.47 billion years ago in agreement with the observed 4.71 ± 0.98 billion years ago. The zero-energy cyclic universe is based on the space-object structures.

The Three Postulates of the Theory of Everything

“…At 72.8% dark energy, the calculated values for baryonic matter and dark matter (with the 1:5 ratio) are 4.53% (=(100 -72.8)/6) and 22.7% (=4.53 × 5), respectively, in excellent agreement with observed 4.56% and 22.7%, respectively [11] [19]. The dimensional orbitals of baryonic matter provide the base for the periodic table of elementary particles to calculate accurately the masses of all elementary particles, including quarks, leptons, gauge bosons, the Higgs boson, and the kneesankles-toe in cosmic rays [2]- [4].…”

“…1) The formation of the 11D membrane dual universe As described previously [7] [9]- [11], the reversible cyclic universe starts in the zero-energy interuniversal void, which produces the dual universe of the positive-energy 11D membrane universe and the negative-energy 11D membrane universe as in Figure 1. In some dual 11D membrane universes, the 11D positive-energy membrane universe and the negative-energy 11D membrane universe coalesce to undergo annihilation and to return to the interuniversal void as in Figure 1.…”

“…The weak gravity in the string brane is the predecessor of the observed weak gravity generated during the Big Bang [2] [9]. The external graviton in the external graviton brane is the predecessor of a part of the observed dark energy [11]. The 10D string brane and the 10D external graviton brane correspond to the predecessors of the observed universe (without dark energy) and a part of observed dark energy, respectively [2] [9].…”

“…The posited theory of everything based on the three postulates explains: 1) cosmology [7] [9]- [11], 2) the composition (baryonic matter, dark matter, and dark energy) in the universe [9] [11] [12], 3) the periodic table of elementary particles [2]- [4] for all elementary particles (quarks, leptons, gauge bosons, the Higgs boson, and the knees-ankles-toe in cosmic rays), 4) the galaxy evolution [13] [14], 5) superconductivity [15], and 6) black hole [16] [17], 7) thermodynamics [7], and 8) quantum mechanics [6] [7]. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the observations, and the calculated values from cosmology, the composition in the universe, and the periodic table of elementary particles are in good agreement with the observed values.…”

String Theory with Oscillating Space-Time Dimension Number

“…In the space-time dimension number oscillation, dimension number oscillates between 11D and 10D and between 10D and 4D for the objects, including 11D membrane (3 11 ), 10D string (2 10 ), particle (1 4 to 10 ), and empty object (0 4 to 11 ) [2] [3]. Different universes and different stages of a universe can have different expressions of the object structure.…”