The Light-Trap: A novel concept for a large SiPM-based pixel for Very High Energy gamma-ray astronomy and beyond

Guberman, D.; Cortina, J.; Ward, J. E.; Espiñera, E. Do Souto; Hahn, Alexander; Mazin, D.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2019.01.052

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The optical cross-talk probability p XT is modeled by a binomial function p n,m (see eq. 1 of [17]). x is measured in phe and x 0 is the position of the pedestal peak.…”

Section: Lasip Noise Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…We obtained the charge spectrum for each of these measurements and fitted them with eq. 2 of [17], a multi-peak fit function that includes optical cross-talk and is standard for describing SiPM charge spectra:…”

Section: Lasip Noise Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is particularly critical for many high-energy physics and astrophysics experiments where fast timing and close to single-photoelectron resolution are needed. Several solutions have been developed in these fields to build large SiPM pixels that keep their capacitance at a reasonable level [15,16,17,18,19]. Inspired by these developments, we performed a feasibility study on the implementation of Large Area SiPM Pixels (LASiPs) in SPECT, as a solution to use SiPM technology in large gamma cameras.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large-Area SiPM Pixels (LASiPs): a cost-effective solution towards compact large SPECT cameras

Guberman,

Paoletti,

Rugliancich

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) scanners based on photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are still largely employed in the clinical environment. A standard camera for full-body SPECT employs ∼ 50-100 PMTs of 4-8 cm diameter and is shielded by a thick layer of lead, becoming a heavy and bulky system that can weight a few hundred kilograms. The volume, weight and cost of a camera can be significantly reduced if the PMTs are replaced by silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). The main obstacle to use SiPMs in full-body SPECT is the limited size of their sensitive area. A few thousand channels would be needed to fill a camera if using the largest commercially-available SiPMs of 6×6 mm 2 . As a solution, we propose to use Large-Area SiPM Pixels (LASiPs), built by summing individual currents of several SiPMs into a single output. We developed a LASiP prototype that has a sensitive area 8 times larger than a 6×6 mm 2 SiPM. We built a proof-of-concept micro-camera consisting of a 40×40×8 mm 3 NaI(Tl) crystal coupled to 4 LASiPs.We evaluated its performance in a central region of 15 × 15 mm 2 , where we were able to reconstruct images of a 99m Tc capillary with an intrinsic spatial resolution of ∼ 2 mm and an energy resolution of ∼ 11.6% at 140 keV. We used these measurements to validate Geant4 simulations of the system. This can be extended to simulate a larger camera with more and larger pixels, which could be used to optimize the implementation of LASiPs in large SPECT cameras. We provide some guidelines towards this implementation.

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“…The optical cross-talk probability p XT is modeled by a binomial function p n,m (see eq. 1 of [17]). x is measured in phe and x 0 is the position of the pedestal peak.…”

Section: Lasip Noise Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Lasip Noise Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Large-Area SiPM Pixels (LASiPs): a cost-effective solution towards compact large SPECT cameras

Guberman,

Paoletti,

Rugliancich

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…A completely different approach was reported by [33]. In the so-called Light-Trap pixel a single SiPM is coupled to a PMMA disk doped with a wavelength shifter (WLS).…”

Section: Sipms For Larger Telescopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon photomultipliers in Very High Energy gamma-ray astrophysics

Guberman

Paoletti

2020

J. Inst.

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In the last ten years silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) have gained terrain in experiments and applications in which photomultiplier tubes have been the dominant photosensors during decades. Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) for very high energy (VHE, E>50 GeV) gamma-ray astronomy are experiencing the same process. Until now FACT was the only IACT using SiPMs. In the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), the next-generation VHE gamma-ray observatory, at least 70 telescopes equipped with SiPMs are planned to be built. The first prototypes have already been constructed and are now being commissioned. Here we discuss some of the advantages and drawbacks of using SiPMs in VHE gamma-ray astronomy and provide a brief overview of different developments related to the use of SiPMs in IACTs.

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“…SiPMs are limited to small areas because their capacitance increases significantly with size. In high-energy astrophysics several solutions have been developed to build large SiPMs pixels with an affordable capacitance [3][4][5][6][7]. In [8] we presented a detailed study in which we adapted one of those solutions to build Large Area SiPM Pixels (LASiPs) for SPECT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Area SiPM Pixels (LASiPs) in SPECT

Wunderlich¹,

Guberman²,

Paoletti³

et al. 2022

J. Inst.

Self Cite

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A standard camera for Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) contains 50–100 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) that occupy at least 50% of its volume. It is shielded by a thick layer of lead which makes it heavy and bulky. Replacing PMTs by silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) could significantly reduce the weight and size of a SPECT camera. However, the main obstacle is the limited size of SiPMs: even with the largest commercially available SiPM of 6 × 6 mm2 a few thousand channels would be needed to fill a camera. As a solution, we propose to use Large Area SiPM Pixels (LASiPs) which are built by summing the currents of several SiPMs into a single output. We developed a LASiP prototype summing 8 SiPMs using the MUSIC ASIC. To test the feasibility of using this solution in SPECT, we built a proof-of-concept micro camera that consisted of four of our LASiP prototypes coupled to a 40 × 40 × 8 mm3 NaI(Tl) crystal. We were able to reconstruct simple images of a 99m Tc capillary with an intrinsic spatial resolution of ∼2 mm and an energy resolution of ∼11.6%. We also simulated the system with Geant4, finding a good agreement with our experimental results. The simulations were extended to a larger camera, aiming to study the impact of pixel size, shape and noise.

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The Light-Trap: A novel concept for a large SiPM-based pixel for Very High Energy gamma-ray astronomy and beyond

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Large-Area SiPM Pixels (LASiPs): a cost-effective solution towards compact large SPECT cameras

Large-Area SiPM Pixels (LASiPs): a cost-effective solution towards compact large SPECT cameras

Silicon photomultipliers in Very High Energy gamma-ray astrophysics

Large-Area SiPM Pixels (LASiPs) in SPECT

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