The lignin fraction of animal feeding‐stuffs. III—The determination of ‘total lignin’

Moon, F. E.; Abou-raya, A. K.

doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740031206

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Thus the lignin preparations isolated by the usual acid methods contain, besides the real hydrolysis residue, also substances dissolved by the strong acid but precipitated by the succeeding dilution. This fact was recognised by Paloheimo (14) and confirmed by Moon and Abou-Raya (12), who all considered also the precipitated fraction as lignin. Moon and Abou-Raya refer to their observation that the precipitate contains methoxyl and gives the color reaction of lignin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 58%

Lignin studies II. The lignin content and properties of lignin in different materials

Salo

1957

AFSci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this investigation the lignin, the total of membrane substances, the crude protein and the methoxyl in lignin were determined in different materials. Some observations on the properties of lignin have been made. The lignin content, as calculated from the dry matter or from the total of the membrane substances, varies greatly in different materials, as can be seen in Table 1. This is the case even if one leaves out of consideration such materials as the bark of woods, sea-weeds, and mosses, the »lignin» of which scarcely is real lignin. In grasses and clover the content of lignin in the cell walls increases with the successive stages of development. The methoxyl content of lignin varies in different plants, in the same plant at successive stages of growth, and in the different tissues of the same plant. The solubility of lignin in hot diluted alkali solutions varies in different materials. Of the lignin in Gramineae plants even in an 0.1 N natrium hydroxide solution about 50 % dissolves, but of the lignin of softwoods only negligible amounts in a 2 N solution. The lignin preparations isolated by the usual acid methods contain, besides the real hydrolysis residue, also substances dissolved by the strong acid but precipitated by the succeeding dilution. The nitrogen content of the precipitated fraction is high. The high methoxyl content of its nitrogen free portion points to real lignin.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 58%

Lignin studies II. The lignin content and properties of lignin in different materials

Salo

1957

AFSci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The removal of protein has been accomplished also with enzymic digestion. One of the most frequently used enzymes is pepsin (7,15). Trypsin is also used (1), and in yet another method three proteolytic enzymes successively (6).…”

Section: Review Of Sulphuric Acid Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin studies I. Investigations concerning lignin determination

Salo

1957

AFSci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this investigation a sulphuric acid method for the determination of lignin is presented and the influence of various details critically studied. The samples ground to pass through a 60 mesh (0.25 mm.) screen gave 0—5 % smaller results than those ground through an 1 mm. screen. Locating the extraction with ethanol-benzene before or after the prehydrolysis had no significant influence on the lignin values. The refluxing with water before the acid prehydrolysis lowered the lignin values (N-free) to some extent. The pepsin pretreatment lowered them still further. The nitrogen content of the part of crude lignin which was digested by pepsin was 9—13 %. On the nitrogen content of crude lignin obtained from faeces the use of pepsin had no influence. The hydrolysis procedure with 72 per cent sulphuric acid did not appear to be conventional as to the extension of the hydrolysis above the time needed, the effeciency of the stirring of the mixture or the stability of the temperature. The refluxing of the dilution after 72 per cent acid treatment was not necessary if the acid prehydrolysis was sufficiently effective. The lignin values obtained by different acid methods correspond to each other provided that certain fundamental principles are followed.

show abstract

“…Tarroni(25i) found that dried tomato waste could replace hay for fattening cattle. Interest in the composition and chemical characterization of lignin in grass and forages continues (258,259,260,261,262). The higher the crude fibre the lower was the milk yield.…”

Section: Movements Of Food In the Alimentary Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section A. Physiology of dairy cattle: Part II. Physiology and Biochemistry of Rumination

Owen

1954

Journal of Dairy Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since the time of the previous review in this series by the present author it has been increasingly realized that the ruminant's adaptation to its herbivorous diet is very far-reaching. The biochemical consequences of its need for coarse roughage are still being worked out and have necessitated a reassessment of the causes of bovine ketosis, of the function of lower fatty acids in its blood and of the reasons for its large requirement of cobalt. Recent work on all these three aspects of ruminant metabolism is discussed in this review. The cow's chief function is to convert into milk vegetable materials, many of which are unsuitable for human consumption. Ac-, cordingly, some of the nutritional aspects of this conversion process have been discussed in the review. The literature on the subject has been reasonably well listed, but the author cannot claim that he has not perhaps inadvertently omitted certain pertinent new work. GENERAL Sherwood & Jones(l) found that alfalfa hay plus a mixture of wheat, barley and oats gave 20% more milk than the hay alone. Milk yield was also enhanced by adding the succulents squash and Jerusalem artichoke to the hay diet. Groups of cows receiving the concentrates needed 5-6 lb. more total digestible nutrients to produce 100 lb. milk, and the authors conclude that feeding of succulents is profitable only if they produce nutrients as cheaply as does hay. Watson, Davidson, Kennedy & Sylvestre(2) compared the digestibility of rations of hay plus increasing amounts of oats. As oats increased the digestibility decreased. This effect was most marked with barley, not so marked with oats and was only slight with linseed oil meal. Feeding standards are still the subject of informed criticism in Europe(3,4,5). Nehring(3) concludes that Kellner's starch equivalents cannot be used for pigs without prior respiration calorimetry. Blaxter(4) finds large discrepancies between different methods of computing rations for livestock, and Nicholls(5) enters a plea for food recording as a complement to milk recording. The trouble with all attempts to define standards for grazing animals is the extreme variability from year to year, from field to field, from treatment to treatment and from animal to animal of the nutrients provided by grass and hay or silage. Much current research all over the world is designed to measure more accurately the nutrient intake of cattle and sheep from pasture, with a view to striking a better balance between protein and fibre in the diet, always remembering that the content of fibre biologically best for maximal production per cow may not necessarily give the maximal production per acre. This may come from more cows per acre at somewhat more fibre per cow than would give maximal production per cow. In this connexion the observations of Hancock (6) are pertinent. He points out that the maximum production per animal does not necessarily yield the greatest net returns. In practice this can be achieved by a number of cows per acre too high for maximum productivity per cow or fo...

show abstract

The lignin fraction of animal feeding‐stuffs. III—The determination of ‘total lignin’

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Lignin studies II. The lignin content and properties of lignin in different materials

Lignin studies II. The lignin content and properties of lignin in different materials

Lignin studies I. Investigations concerning lignin determination

Section A. Physiology of dairy cattle: Part II. Physiology and Biochemistry of Rumination

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About