The limited influence of glaciations in Tibet on global climate over the past 170 000 yr

Schäfer, Jörg M.; Tschudi, Silvio; Zhao, Zhijun; Wu, Xia; Ivy‐Ochs, Susan; Wieler, R.; Baur, H.; Kubik, Peter W.; Schlüchter, Christian

doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(01)00573-8

Cited by 149 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This was disputed by many and it stimulated much research in Tibet, especially as China began to open its borders to western scientists and strengthened its international research collaborations. Over the past few decades, numerous publications have presented the evidence against an extensive ice sheet (Derbyshire, 1987;Zheng, 1989;Shi, 1992;Hö vermann et al, 1993a,b;Lehmkuhl, 1995Lehmkuhl, , 1998Rutter, 1995;Lehmkuhl et al, 1998;Zheng and Rutter, 1998;Schäfer et al, 2002;Owen et al, 2003a). Now it is generally accepted that a large ice sheet did not cover the Tibetan Plateau, at least not during the past few glacial cycles.…”

Section: Extent Of Glaciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Defining the ages of landforms and sediments throughout much of the HimalayanTibetan orogen has been particularly difficult because of the Shiraiwa, 1993;Sharma and Owen, 1996;Phillips et al, 2000;Richards et al, 2000a,b;Owen et al, 2001Owen et al, , 2002aOwen et al, ,b, 2003aOwen et al, ,b,c, 2005Owen et al, , 2006aSchäfer et al, 2002;Tsukamoto et al, 2002;Yi et al, 2002;Finkel et al, 2003;Zech et al, 2003Zech et al, , 2005Barnard et al, 2004aBarnard et al, ,b, 2006aMeriaux et al, 2004;Spencer and Owen, 2004;Chevalier et al, 2005;Abramowski et al, 2006;Colgan et al, 2006;Seong et al, 2007Seong et al, , 2008a. The red dots in part (A) highlight regions where TCN surface exposure dating has been undertaken.…”

Section: Extent Of Glaciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…60 and 30 ka, and that glaciers advanced during the early to middle Holocene. A plethora of papers following this work emerged and they included distant regions throughout the HimalayanTibetan orogen (Owen et al, , 2002a(Owen et al, ,b, 2003a(Owen et al, ,b,c, 2005Schäfer et al, 2002;Finkel et al, 2003;Zech et al, 2003Zech et al, , 2005Barnard et al, 2004aBarnard et al, ,b, 2006aMeriaux et al, 2004;Chevalier et al, 2005;Abramowski et al, 2006;Seong et al, 2007Seong et al, , 2008a. summarised the TCN studies and suggested that the regional patterns and timing of glaciation reflect temporal and spatial variability in the South Asian monsoon and, in particular, in regional precipitation gradients.…”

Section: Timing Of Glaciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quaternary glaciation of the Himalayan–Tibetan orogen

Owen

Caffee

Finkel

et al. 2008

J Quaternary Science

212

143

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Glacial geological evidence from throughout the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen is examined to determine the timing and extent of late Quaternary glaciation in this region and its relation to similar changes on a global scale. The evidence summarised here supports the existence of expanded ice caps and extensive valley glacier systems throughout the region during the late Quaternary. However, it cannot yet be determined whether the timing of the extent of maximum glaciation was synchronous throughout the entire region or whether the response was more varied. The lack of organic material needed for radiocarbon dating has hindered past progress in glacial reconstruction; however, application of optically stimulated luminescence and terrestrial cosmogenic radionuclide methods has recently expanded the number of chronologies throughout the region. Limits to the precision and accuracy available with these methods and, more importantly, geological uncertainty imposed by processes of moraine formation and alteration both conspire to limit the time resolution on which correlations can be made to Milankovitch timescales (several ka). In order to put all studies on a common scale, well-dated sites have been re-evaluated and all the published terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide ages for moraine boulders and glacially eroded surfaces in the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen have been recalculated. Locally detailed studies indicate that there are considerable variations in the extent of glaciation from one region to the next during a glaciation. Glaciers throughout monsoon-influenced Tibet, the Himalaya and the Transhimalaya are likely synchronous both with climate change resulting from oscillations in the South Asian monsoon and with Northern Hemisphere cooling cycles. In contrast, glaciers in Pamir in the far western regions of the Himalayan-Tibet orogen advanced asynchronously relative to the other regions that are monsooninfluenced regions and appear to be mainly in phase with the Northern Hemisphere cooling cycles. Broad patterns of local and regional variability based on equilibrium-line altitudes have yet to be fully assessed, but have the potential to help define changes in climatic gradients over time.

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Section: Extent Of Glaciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extent Of Glaciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Timing Of Glaciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Quaternary glaciation of the Himalayan–Tibetan orogen

Owen

Caffee

Finkel

et al. 2008

J Quaternary Science

212

143

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“…This result suggests that the moraine was definitely abandoned by14.5 ka, after the pulse of the last glacial maximum ($18 ka [e.g., Thompson et al, 1997]). The glacial retreat in the Tailan valley would thus be synchronous with timing of glacial retreat elsewhere, in the Karakorum [Richards et al, 2000;Owen et al, 1999;Chevalier et al, 2004], in eastern Tibet [Schäfer et al, 2002;Mériaux et al, 2004], and in the Bogdashan region to the northeast of the Tianshan [Zheng, 1988].…”

Section: Ages Of Surfaces Cut By the Aksu Thrust Faultmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irregular earthquake cycle along the southern Tianshan front, Aksu area, China

et al. 2005

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[1] A long deformation record ($16.5 ka) showing nonsteady earthquake recurrence is established for the Aksu thrust (Tianshan, China) on the basis of cosmogenic 10 Be dating of faulted surfaces. Topographic leveling across the Aksu fault scarp indicates up to $10 m uplift across a moraine abandoned $16.5 ka and similar uplift of $6 m across two inset surfaces yielding ages of $12.5 and $5 ka. Successively smaller uplifts of terraces younger than 5 ka indicate that three or more major earthquakes occurred during this period. These data show that the Aksu thrust fault was quiet for at least 7500 years and active in the last $5000 years and probably in the interval 16.5-12.5 ka. The seismic cycle along the Aksu thrust fault over the last $16,500 years was thus strongly irregular showing long quiescence and clustering, which is a challenge for paleoseismology and hazard assessment. This irregularity also makes it more difficult to estimate long-term shortening rates. Nevertheless, we are able to constrain a minimum total shortening rate (>7 mm/yr) across the southern Tianshan front for the last 12,500 years that is about a third of the total geodetic rate for the western Tianshan ($20 mm/yr).

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“…When a surface is covered, 10 Be starts to decay while 21 Ne is stable, and so each would produce different ages. 10 Be and 21 Ne dating studies have previously been carried out to cross-check exposure ages in Antarctica (Oberholzer et al, 2000(Oberholzer et al, , 2003, Tibet (Scha¨fer et al, 2002) and the Swiss Midlands (Ivy- Ochs et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First results of cosmogenic dated pre-Last Glaciation erratics from the Montoz area, Jura Mountains, Switzerland

Graf

Strasky

Ivy‐Ochs

et al. 2007

Quaternary International

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The Jura Mountains are a perialpine chain bending from the SW to the NW of Switzerland. Alpine ice reached only marginal areas of this chain during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) but remaining erratic boulders of alpine origin indicate older glaciations of unknown age, tentatively correlated either with the classical Rissian or with the Most Extensive Glaciation. Presented here are the first results of dating these pre-LGM boulders by using cosmogenic radionuclides ( 10 Be) and noble gases ( 21 Ne). Both data sets are in good agreement within 1s error, with radionuclide apparent exposure ages ranging from 60 to 107 ka, and noble gas apparent ages from 73 to 123 ka. Considering the importance of erosion on older boulders, the age of the erratics corresponds most probably to Marine Isotope Stage 6. These results are encouraging for further studies on pre-LGM erratic boulders in the mid-latitudes.

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The limited influence of glaciations in Tibet on global climate over the past 170 000 yr

Cited by 149 publications

References 36 publications

Quaternary glaciation of the Himalayan–Tibetan orogen

Quaternary glaciation of the Himalayan–Tibetan orogen

Irregular earthquake cycle along the southern Tianshan front, Aksu area, China

First results of cosmogenic dated pre-Last Glaciation erratics from the Montoz area, Jura Mountains, Switzerland

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