The Limiting Amino Acids in Growing Cattle

Richardson, Charles; Hatfield, E. E.

doi:10.2527/jas1978.463740x

Cited by 153 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Even though the higher dose maximized N retention (58 vs 28 g/d without infusion), the second one with Met supplement gave similar growth performances and optimized N utilization. These results confirmed that Met is often limiting when diets contain little true protein and thus microbial protein is the major source of AA available for absorption from the small intestine (Richardson and Hatfield, 1978;Storm and Ørskov, 1984).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 67%

Determination of the methionine requirement of growing double-muscled Belgian blue bulls with a three-step method.

Froidmont

Beckers

Thewis

2000

Journal of Animal Science

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 67%

Determination of the methionine requirement of growing double-muscled Belgian blue bulls with a three-step method.

Froidmont

Beckers

Thewis

2000

Journal of Animal Science

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“…As coil residues, they are not expected to have any effect on helix stability, but experiments show otherwise. The possible significance of the N-cap and C-cap residues for helix stability in proteins was suggested in 1988 by Richardson and Richardson [31], who observed that particular amino acids occur with unusual frequencies at the N-cap and C-cap positions (notably the neutral polar amino acids Asn and Ser are found at N-cap), and by Presta and Rose [32], who proposed that side chain-main chain Hbonds can be important determinants of stability at the ends of helices, where there are 4 unsatisfied NH groups at the N-terminus and 4 unsatisfied CO groups at the C-terminus. Directed mutagenesis experiments in barnase [33] and in T4 lysozyme [34] confirmed the importance of the N-cap amino acid.…”

Section: Inclusion Of An N-cap Parameter In Helix-coil Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

α-Helix formation by peptides of defined sequence

Baldwin¹

1995

Biophysical Chemistry

108

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The factors controlling a-helix formation in water by peptides of defined sequence are beginning to be understood. The field is close to the point where the extent of helix formation can be predicted for peptides of any sequence. Our own approach to the problem, and the main results obtained by following this approach, are summarized below. The chief reason for studying a-helix formation by peptides is to understand precisely and in detail one part of the protein folding problem. Questions about peptide helix formation can be answered at a fundamental level, in terms of the physico-chemical mechanisms involved.

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“…These proteins have a good AA pattern, but lack Met and Lys (Richardson and Hatfield, 1978;Storm and Ørskov, 1984), compared with the composition of the ideal protein. At most, they result in a mean daily weight gain of 1 kg/day (Titgemeyer and Merchen, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional properties of potato protein concentrate compared with soybean meal as the main protein source in feed for the double-muscled Belgian Blue bull

Froidmont

Wathelet

Oger

et al. 2009

Animal

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The objective of this experiment was to compare the nutritional properties of potato protein concentrate, a by-product of the starch industry produced entirely in Europe, with that of soybean meal (SBM), for growing cattle. The experiment was conducted on double-muscled Belgian Blue bulls, fitted with rumen, duodenal and ileal cannulas, according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. They were fed three different iso-N and iso-net energy diets formulated according to the Dutch feed evaluation system, differing in the nature of the main protein source, which was either SBM (‘SBM’ treatment), potato protein concentrate (PPC, ‘PPC’ treatment) or an iso-N mixture of these two protein sources (‘mixed’ treatment). A fourth treatment consisted of ‘PPC’ supplemented by 9.5% digestible proteins supplied by duodenal perfusion of sodium caseinate (CAS, ‘PPC + CAS’ treatment). No significant difference was observed in the ruminal fluid pH, whereas both ‘PPC’ and ‘PPC + CAS’ had the effect of reducing the ruminal ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3) concentration. No significant difference was observed in the apparent intestinal digestibility of the dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) or N. Outflows of non-NH3-N, microbial proteins and dietary proteins from the rumen were similar for ‘PPC’, ‘SBM’ and ‘mixed’, and increased with CAS infusion by 20%, 17% and 27%, respectively. On the basis ofin vivoobservations, the degradability of SBM and PPC proteins was estimated at 0.60 and 0.43, respectively, corresponding to the values quoted in the literature. The supply of digestible essential amino acids (EAA) was significantly greater with ‘PPC + CAS’ and did not differ among ‘SBM’, ‘mixed’ and ‘PPC’. This illustrates the difficulty of altering the amino acid (AA) pattern of digestible protein by the nature of the protein of dietary origin when an animal is fed a high nutritional value diet. N retention was not affected by replacing SBM with PPC, but increased by 10% with CAS infusion. On the basis of the plasma AA pattern, the supply of digestible Met was probably limiting with ‘SBM’, ‘mixed’ and ‘PPC’. The CAS perfusion supplemented all AA, including Met, leading to increased N retention. This improvement was limited, however, and N utilisation remained unchanged between treatments. In conclusion, despite a more favourable EAA pattern, PPC offered no advantage compared with SBM for growing bulls when diets were formulated according to the Dutch feed evaluation system.

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The Limiting Amino Acids in Growing Cattle

Cited by 153 publications

References 11 publications

Determination of the methionine requirement of growing double-muscled Belgian blue bulls with a three-step method.

Determination of the methionine requirement of growing double-muscled Belgian blue bulls with a three-step method.

α-Helix formation by peptides of defined sequence

Nutritional properties of potato protein concentrate compared with soybean meal as the main protein source in feed for the double-muscled Belgian Blue bull

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