The Limits of Civil Society in Democratic Indonesia: Media Freedom and Religious Intolerance

Journalism and the Islamic Worldview

“…Thus, many journalists tend to disseminate only news stories that are good for society and humanity in order to avoid fitnah (Steele 2013). Such expectations and restrictions often resulted in increasing rates of self-censorship and further restriction in the newsroom (Hamayotsu 2013).…”

“…In the past two decades, a variety of studies have examined the relationship between Islam, Islamic culture, and several aspects of journalism. These studies often emphasized normative issues (Azzi 2011;Hamada 2016) as well as general characteristics of journalism, such as press freedom, media laws, media policy, and media ownership (Amin 2002;Hamada 2004Hamada , 2008Hamdy 2013;Sakr 2006), as well as self-censorship and restrictions in the newsroom (Hamayotsu 2013). Furthermore, recent years have seen a considerable stream of comparative analyses, for example by Hafez (2002), Steele (2011Steele ( , 2013, and Pintak (2014;Pintak and Ginges 2008;Pintak and Setiyono 2011;Pintak and Nazir 2013).…”

“…In many Muslim-majority countries, governments tend to institutionalize journalists' roles to their own advantage, often expressed in the form of a country's national "philosophy," such as Indonesia's Pancasila doctrine, which tends to lead to self-censorship among journalists (Connolly-Ahern and Golan 2007;Hamayotsu 2013) or Rukun Negara in Malaysia, which emphasizes moral behavior and loyalty to the King (Kaur 2000).…”

Cultivating Islam Nusantara in Indonesia’s Pesantrens: a Promising Deradicalisation Strategy?

“…Even some kiais and their teachings can now be found in their social media accounts. Secondly, the internet and particularly social media have made it easier for people to post or to spread anything regardless of the reliability of the content and the impact it will provoke (Abbott, 2011;Gregerson, 2012;Hamayotsu, 2013;Lim, 2013a;Loras, 2016;Varisco, 2010). When comes to the learning of Islam on the internet, a lack of guidance and less reliable content are threatening to mislead Muslims in understanding Islam (see Lim, 2013b).…”

India at the crossroads? Civil society, human rights and religious freedom: critical analysis of CSOs’ third cycle Universal Periodic Review discourse 2012–2017

“…In the present case it is evident in CSOs' observations on the intolerance of some Hindus, notably in government circles, towards minority religions. 89 For example, one CSO described how, a culture of intolerance has taken root in India and has grown more menacing … Dissentwhether political, religious, cultural or socialnow entails greater risks. India has become a battleground on which the definition of what is national or, indeed, anti-national is fought.…”