The limits of globalization in the early modern world

Vries, Jan de

doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2009.00497.x

Cited by 145 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…The answer to this question depends on how globalization is defined. De Vries (2010) distinguishes between ''soft'' and ''hard'' globalization. Flynn and Giráldez claim that ''soft globalization'' started ''when the Old World became directly connected with the Americas in 1571 via Manila.''…”

Section: Globalization and Great Divergencementioning

confidence: 99%

West versus Far East: early globalization and the great divergence

2014

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Section: Globalization and Great Divergencementioning

confidence: 99%

West versus Far East: early globalization and the great divergence

2014

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“…They also gained a place in society and a share of its income (Garrabou, Tello & Cussó, 2008;Garrabou et al, 2009). By increasing population numbers and deepening the home market, this eventually helped to turn Catalonia into a late-modern industrious society (Vries, 2010;Marfany, 2012) and an early-contemporary industrial economy (Valls-Junyent, 2004;Badia-Miró & Tello, 2014).…”

Section: Figure 4 Inequality Extration Ration (Ier) According To Clusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land-use and rural inequality profiles in the province of Barcelona in mid-nineteenth century

Aragay¹,

Badia-Miró²

2018

HIST AGRAR

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The long-term impact on income inequality of agricultural commercial specialization is still an open-ended discussion. Diverse economic models and approaches offer competing views, while historians increasingly stress the contingent nature of the paths followed in the various contexts. Applying common inequality indices like the Theil index along with new ones such as the inequality possible frontier (IPF) and Inequality Extraction Ratios (IER), this study examines how winegrowing specialization in Catalonia correlated with agr icultural income distribution in the municipalities of the province of Barcelona during the mid-nineteenth century. This analysis examines a large dataset assembled from over 86,000 cadastral taxpayers in 292 municipalities and recorded in the Distribution of Personal Wealth in Real Estate Ownership of the province of Barcelona in 1852, combined with other population and land use data listed in the Estadística ter ritor ial de la provincia de Barcelona (Land Use Statistics of the Province of Barcelona), compiled in 1858. The results confirm that inequality in agricultural income distribution was lower in predominantly winegrowing municipalities than in timber and cereal-growing ones, despite the fact that commercial specialization and higher population densities could have extended the inequality possible frontier of those wineg rowing areas in the mid-nineteenth century.

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“…The two centuries between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries saw interaction capacity and polity diversity surge throughout the Indian Ocean. Commercially, the Europeans' arrival kick‐started the direct Europe–Asia trade, which grew twenty‐five‐fold in the three centuries to 1800 (De Vries :718). Moreover, the Europeans found that to pay for Asian merchandise, they had to generate profits by intraregional trade, for example, between Gujarat and the Swahili Coast of Africa, or Bengal and archipelagic South‐East Asia (Boxer ; Chaudhuri ; Pearson ; Subrahmanyam ).…”

Section: Diversity In the Early Modern Indian Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining Durable Diversity in International Systems: State, Company, and Empire in the Indian Ocean

Phillips

Sharman

2015

Int Stud Q

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International Relations theories generally hold that increased interaction between units in an international system produces convergence in their forms through military competition, institutional emulation, or normative socialization. In contrast, we argue that diverse international systems can endure despite increasing interaction. The early modern Indian Ocean international system hosted a variety of statist, corporate, and imperial polities. Diversity endured for three reasons. First, powerful foreign and local actors held differing maritime and land‐oriented preferences for conquest, which created the potential for coexistence between unlike polities. Second, congruent European and Asian ideas of heteronomy facilitated durable polity diversity. Third, strategies of localization enhanced enmeshment. Convergence on common polity forms failed to occur despite the presence of a statist model during this period. Subsequently, a reconfigured form of diversity under colonial empires succeeded this order. Greater attention to past diverse systems coheres with recent calls to study history to better understand not only contemporary instances of international hierarchy, but also unbundled and shared sovereignty regimes.

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The limits of globalization in the early modern world

Cited by 145 publications

References 32 publications

West versus Far East: early globalization and the great divergence

West versus Far East: early globalization and the great divergence

Land-use and rural inequality profiles in the province of Barcelona in mid-nineteenth century

Explaining Durable Diversity in International Systems: State, Company, and Empire in the Indian Ocean

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