The link of C4B null allele to autism and to a family history of autoimmunity in Egyptian autistic children

Mostafa, Gehan Ahmed; Shehab, Abeer A.

doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.03.025

Cited by 80 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This initial finding was supported by additional research in our laboratory that showed a relative risk of 4 for subjects with autism who have a C4B null allele (Odell et al, 2005). Interestingly, Mostafa & Shehab (2010) supported this observation with an odds ratio of 6 for autism subjects with a C4B null allele and an odds ratio 6.26 for children with autism and a family history of autoimmune diseases in an Egyptian population. Relative risk and odds ratio are different mathematical models for describing the chances of developing a certain disease.…”

Section: Immune System Abnormalities In Autism 81 Humoral Innate Systemmentioning

confidence: 61%

Immune Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Westover¹,

Sweeten²,

Benson³

et al. 2011

Autism - A Neurodevelopmental Journey From Genes to Behaviour

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Section: Immune System Abnormalities In Autism 81 Humoral Innate Systemmentioning

confidence: 61%

Immune Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Westover¹,

Sweeten²,

Benson³

et al. 2011

Autism - A Neurodevelopmental Journey From Genes to Behaviour

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“…Extending these types of studies to additional animal models for autism will be important for better defining the immune-ASD connection. The notion that immune abnormalities may arise as a result of genetic alterations is also interesting in light of the several ASD genes that are relevant to both brain and immune function, including those encoding various HLA haplotypes, receptor tyrosine kinase and complement C4B protein [105][106][107][108]. Unfortunately, few of these immune-related genetic risk factors for autism have been translated to animal models or evaluated for ASD-related immune and behavioral symptoms.…”

Section: Immune Dysregulation In Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Involvement in Autism Spectrum Disorder as a Basis for Animal Models

Hsiao¹

2012

Autism

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Several of the environmental stimuli suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of ASD involve altered immune responses during gestation. In this review, we discuss maternal immune activation as a primary risk factor for ASD, with an emphasis on recent findings from animal models of prenatal immune challenges. We further address the presence of autoantibodies as an additional immune-related autism risk factor, drawing upon work done in rodent and monkey models. We then explore the intersection between genetic and environmental susceptibility, with a focus on gene-environment interactions and immune involvement, in genetic risk factors for autism. Finally, we provide emerging evidence for the role of immune dysregulation in the pathogenesis of ASD.

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“…The precise mechanisms of genetic inheritance of autism are presently being explored through methods of genomewide screening, cytogenetic studies, and evaluation of candidate genes (Muhle et al, 2004). Evidence is accruing of similar genetic influences among African children as well (Arieff, 2010;Mostafa & Shehab, 2010). Although strong genetic association in etiology of autism spectrum disorders had been established, the specific model of inheritance is still unclear.…”

Section: Genetic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%