The Link of Social Support and Postpartum Depressive Symptoms in African-American Women With Low Incomes

Logsdon, M. Cynthia; Birkimer, John C.; Usui, Wayne M.

doi:10.1097/00005721-200009000-00009

Cited by 45 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The CES-D has been a reliable measure of depressive symptoms in a variety of homogeneous black subgroups. 35,36 To assess social support, we used the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL) global support score to provide a meaningful index of social support. 37,38 Cohen and colleagues reported good overall test-retest reliability averaging around .87 and adequate concurrent and discriminant reliabilities (r = .46 and r =−.64).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking-Related Weight Concerns Among Underserved, Black Maternal Smokers

Collins

Nair²,

Hovell³

et al. 2009

ajhb

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Objective-To expand understanding of a smoking cessation barrier for women, weight concerns, in a medically underserved population.Methods-Baseline weight concerns were examined among 235 low-income, black maternal smokers enrolled in a smoking trial. Logistic regression evaluated factors related to weight concerns.Results-Higher BMI (OR 3.35, P<.001), intention to quit (OR 2.12, P=.02), more previous quit attempts (OR 1.14, P=.03), and less support for quitting (OR 0.81, P=.05) predicted weight concerns.Conclusions-This is the first study to delineate factors predicting weight concerns in this population, thus expanding our understanding of a key cessation barrier and informing future cessation strategies in a population known to bear increased risk of tobacco-related disease.Keywords weight concerns; smoking cessation; maternal; underserved; black Studying factors associated with smoking in groups with high risk for tobacco-related disease remains a public health priority. Weight concerns are an important factor contributing to smoking among women, but little is known about variability in weight concerns among high-risk groups, such as those living in medically underserved homes. Most smokers learn that nicotine suppresses appetite and weight; however, women are more likely than men to smoke to control weight and to express concern about postcessation weight gain. [1][2][3] Weight-concerned smokers are more likely to smoke to control weight, 4 refrain from quitting for fear of postcessation weight gain, 5 have poorer abstinence outcomes, 1 and have high attrition rates in smoking treatment. 6 Improving our understanding of variability in weight concerns among medically underserved maternal smokers could inform future cessation strategies designed to reduce women and children's tobacco morbidity and mortality risk. This paper examines weight concerns among mostly NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript low-income, undereducated, black maternal smokers, a group known to experience unique and elevated tobacco use consequences compared to other subgroups of smokers.A number of factors may predict weight concerns. Greater weight concern is often associated with higher levels of education and income, 7 and women under 30 years are more likely to smoke to control weight 8 and to cite weight gain as a reason for relapse. 9 Social support and depressive symptoms, known factors associated with smoking in women, 10,11 may also relate to weight concerns. Because of potential weight concern-depressive symptoms associations, 12 together with the high prevalence of lifetime major depression among weight-concerned women, 13 depressive symptoms may contribute to weightconcerned women's challenges with quitting smoking and relapse. Depressive symptoms, social support, and weight concerns may be particularly important factors for maternal smokers with infants and toddlers. During the first couple of years postpartum, there is potential for depressive mood presentation, increased parenti...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking-Related Weight Concerns Among Underserved, Black Maternal Smokers

Collins

Nair²,

Hovell³

et al. 2009

ajhb

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“…Adolescents, especially low-income mothers, often experience social isolation which may be a situation conducive for loneliness. 4,8,31 For example, new mothers have many demands placed upon them leaving little time or energy for other relationships and thus feel isolated from the infant's father, their family members, or their friends. 32 Not feeling alone was rated highly important by adolescent mothers receiving social support.…”

Section: Theoretical and Empirical Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…32 Not feeling alone was rated highly important by adolescent mothers receiving social support. 8 There is evidence for the negative relationship between social support and feelings of loneliness among adolescent mothers. In a study of single, low-income, adolescent mothers participating in a parenting program, mothers who had higher loneliness scores had lower levels of social support at 3 months following the infant's birth (r = -.50, p < .05).…”

Section: Theoretical and Empirical Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Social Support and Psychosocial Well-being Among Low-Income, Adolescent, African American, First-Time Mothers

Hudson

Campbell‐Grossman

Kupzyk

et al. 2016

Clinical Nurse Specialist

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Aims Aims of this study were to describe for single, low-income, adolescent, African American new mothers how (1) primary sources of social support changed over time; (2) the level of social support (emotional, informational, tangible, and problematic) from these primary sources changed over time; and (3) social support from the primary supporter was associated with mothers' psychosocial well-being (self-esteem and loneliness) over time. Design A secondary analysis was conducted of data from a previous social support intervention study. Sample The sample consisted of 35 single, low-income, adolescent (M age = 18.3 years; SD = 1.7), African American new mothers. Methods Mothers completed social support, self-esteem, and loneliness instruments at 1 and 6 weeks and 3 and 6 months postpartum. Results Most mothers (64.7%) had changes in their primary social support provider during the first 6 months postpartum. The combination of the adolescent's mother and boyfriend provided the highest level of support, no matter the type, relative to any other source of support. At every time point, positive correlations were found between emotional support and self-esteem and between problematic support and loneliness. Conclusion Single, low-income, African American, adolescent new mothers are at risk for not having a consistent source of support which may lead to lower self-esteem and greater loneliness. Implications Clinical nurse specialists could facilitate care guidelines for these new mothers to identify their sources of support at each home visit and advocate for the adolescent's mother and boyfriend to work together to provide support. Bolstering the mothers' natural sources of support can potentially improve self-esteem and reduce loneliness. Improvement in these sources of support could prevent a decline in the mothers' psychosocial well-being. Development and testing support interventions are advocated; findings could guide clinical nurse specialists in addressing these new mothers' needs.

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“…The initial postpartum period is a critical time of transition for all first-time mothers who are undergoing bio-psycho-social changes (Mercer, 2004; Suplee et al, 2014), and particularly for single, low-income, African American adolescent mothers (Keating-Lefler, Hudson, Campbell-Grossman, Fleck, & Westfall, 2004; Logsdon, Birkimer, & Usui, 2000). An indication of difficulties with this transition is depressive symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Income, African American, Adolescent Mothers’ Depressive Symptoms, Perceived Stress, and Social Support

et al. 2016

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The purpose of this descriptive repeated-measures study was to describe depressive symptom patterns and report changes over time in levels of perceived stress and social support depending on patterns of depressive symptoms in single, low-income, African American, adolescent mothers during the initial, 6-month postpartum period. Thirty-five adolescent subjects between the ages of 16 and 22 years old were recruited at health care clinics in two Midwestern cities. Data collections by advanced practice nurses were completed at 1 week, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postpartum at mothers’ homes. Established instruments were used to measure depressive symptoms, perceived stress and social support. Results indicated 63% of adolescent mothers’ experienced depressive symptoms sometime during this transition period and 11.4% of these subjects had depressive symptoms at all 4 time points. Depressive symptoms were associated with perceived stress at each time point. Emotional support was inversely associated with depressive symptoms at 2 of the 4 time points. Depressive symptoms and problematic support were significantly related at 3 months and 6 months. Although single, low-income, African American, adolescent mothers are considered a high risk group, some are at even greater risk. This extremely high risk group have depressive symptoms throughout the first 6 months postpartum with the highest level of perceived stress and the most variability in social support relative to groups that were never depressed or were in and out of depression. More studies are needed to understand how to best help these high risk adolescents successfully transition to motherhood.

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The Link of Social Support and Postpartum Depressive Symptoms in African-American Women With Low Incomes

Abstract: Importance of support is a better predictor of outcomes than how much support a woman receives. Communication of need for support and establishing boundaries with family members are recommended.

Cited by 45 publications

References 19 publications

Smoking-Related Weight Concerns Among Underserved, Black Maternal Smokers

Smoking-Related Weight Concerns Among Underserved, Black Maternal Smokers

Social Support and Psychosocial Well-being Among Low-Income, Adolescent, African American, First-Time Mothers

Low-Income, African American, Adolescent Mothers’ Depressive Symptoms, Perceived Stress, and Social Support

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