The lipid composition of cashmere goat fleece

Hillbrick, GC; Tucker, D. J.; Gc, Smith

doi:10.1071/ar9951259

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This might allow them to prevent the accumulation of methyl-branched FAs. To the best of our knowledge, ethyl-branched lipid species are quite rare in animals [19,20], and their mechanism of synthesis and degradation is unknown. Yet, their scarcity might indicate that cells possess mechanisms to limit their abundance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The synthesis of branched-chain fatty acids is limited by enzymatic decarboxylation of ethyl- and methylmalonyl-CoA

Dewulf

Gerin

Rider

et al. 2019

Biochemical Journal

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Most fatty acids (FAs) are straight chains and are synthesized by fatty acid synthase (FASN) using acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA units. Yet, FASN is known to be promiscuous as it may use methylmalonyl-CoA instead of malonyl-CoA and thereby introduce methyl-branches. We have recently found that the cytosolic enzyme ECHDC1 degrades ethylmalonyl-CoA and methylmalonyl-CoA, which presumably result from promiscuous reactions catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase on butyryl- and propionyl-CoA. Here, we tested the hypothesis that ECHDC1 is a metabolite repair enzyme that serves to prevent the formation of methyl- or ethyl-branched FAs by FASN. Using the purified enzyme, we found that FASN can incorporate not only methylmalonyl-CoA but also ethylmalonyl-CoA, producing methyl- or ethyl-branched FAs. Using a combination of gas-chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, we observed that inactivation of ECHDC1 in adipocytes led to an increase in several methyl-branched FAs (present in different lipid classes), while its overexpression reduced them below wild-type levels. In contrast, the formation of ethyl-branched FAs was observed almost exclusively in ECHDC1 knockout cells, indicating that ECHDC1 and the low activity of FASN toward ethylmalonyl-CoA efficiently prevent their formation. We conclude that ECHDC1 performs a typical metabolite repair function by destroying methyl- and ethylmalonyl-CoA. This reduces the formation of methyl-branched FAs and prevents the formation of ethyl-branched FAs by FASN. The identification of ECHDC1 as a key modulator of the abundance of methyl-branched FAs opens the way to investigate their function.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The synthesis of branched-chain fatty acids is limited by enzymatic decarboxylation of ethyl- and methylmalonyl-CoA

Dewulf

Gerin

Rider

et al. 2019

Biochemical Journal

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“…When fatty acids are separated from the extract using an aqueous base, both the acidic and neutral fractions retain the pheromone activity [11]. The carboxylic acids derived from male goats have been well studied in the past; the characteristic ''goaty odor'' is attributed predominantly to these carboxylic acids [12,13]. However, no molecule has ever been reported to have primer pheromone activity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Identification of an Olfactory Signal Molecule that Activates the Central Regulator of Reproduction in Goats

Murata

Tamogami²,

Itou³

et al. 2014

Current Biology

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Pheromone signals regulate conspecific behavior and physiology [1]. Releaser pheromones induce specific behavior by exerting acute effects on the neuronal response, whereas primer pheromones induce physiological changes with long-lasting effects by changing the neuroendocrine status of the recipients. In mammals, although several types of releaser pheromones have been identified [2-5], the identities of primer pheromones, as well as their mechanisms of action, remain largely unknown [6]. In sheep and goats, the seasonally anestrous endocrine state of females is changed to the estrous state upon exposure to male scents [7, 8]. This so-called "male effect" is one of the most conspicuous primer pheromone effects in mammals [9, 10]. In this study, we have identified an olfactory signal molecule that activates the central regulator of reproduction, the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator, in goats. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyze male goat headspace volatiles, we identified several ethyl-branched aldehydes and ketones. We electrophysiologically demonstrated that one of these compounds, 4-ethyloctanal, activates the GnRH pulse generator in female goats. This is the first report of an olfactory molecule that has been shown to activate the central reproductive axis, and this discovery will provide a new direction for primer pheromone research.

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“…The exceptions to this trend are for those species from which data are scarce, where the reported distribution of VOCs may be heavily biased by a small number of studies. For example, records of caprine volatile emissions are swayed significantly by a small number of studies exploring fleece extracts, which are dominated by organic acids, so their emissions may be disproportionately represented by these VOCs [81,82]. Similarly, the data are predisposed to reflect the chemical collection and analysis techniques used.…”

Section: Known Mammalian and Avian Volatiles And Allelochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile Cues Influence Host-Choice in Arthropod Pests

Poldy

2020

Animals

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Many arthropod pests of humans and other animals select their preferred hosts by recognising volatile odour compounds contained in the hosts’ ‘volatilome’. Although there is prolific literature on chemical emissions from humans, published data on volatiles and vector attraction in other species are more sporadic. Despite several decades since the identification of a small number of critical volatiles underpinning specific host–vector relationships, synthetic chemicals or mixtures still largely fail to reproduce the attractiveness of natural hosts to their disease vectors. This review documents allelochemicals from non-human terrestrial animals and considers where challenges in collection and analysis have left shortfalls in animal volatilome research. A total of 1287 volatile organic compounds were identified from 141 species. Despite comparable diversity of entities in each compound class, no specific chemical is ubiquitous in all species reviewed, and over half are reported as unique to a single species. This review provides a rationale for future enquiries by highlighting research gaps, such as disregard for the contribution of breath volatiles to the whole animal volatilome and evaluating the role of allomones as vector deterrents. New opportunities to improve vector surveillance and disrupt disease transmission may be unveiled by understanding the host-associated stimuli that drive vector-host interactions.

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The lipid composition of cashmere goat fleece

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

The synthesis of branched-chain fatty acids is limited by enzymatic decarboxylation of ethyl- and methylmalonyl-CoA

The synthesis of branched-chain fatty acids is limited by enzymatic decarboxylation of ethyl- and methylmalonyl-CoA

Identification of an Olfactory Signal Molecule that Activates the Central Regulator of Reproduction in Goats

Volatile Cues Influence Host-Choice in Arthropod Pests

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