The lipid type affects the in vitro digestibility and β-carotene bioaccessibility of liquid or solid lipid nanoparticles

Abstract

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are emulsion-based carriers of lipophilic bioactive compounds. However, their digestibility may be affected by the solid lipid phase composition. Hence, the aim of this work was to study the in vitro lipolysis kinetics as well as the relationship between the lipid digestion, micelle fraction composition and βcarotene bioaccessibility of SLNs with different solid lipids, being blends of medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil, glyceryl stearate (GS) or hydrogenated palm oil (HPO) as compared to liquid lipid nanoparticles (LLNs) with pure MCT. SLNs formulated with GS were fully digested, similarly to LLNs. However, HPO-containing SLNs presented slower lipolysis kinetics during the intestinal phase at increasing HPO concentration. Despite this, HPO-SLNs showed higher β-carotene bioaccessibility, which was related to the higher amount of monounstaturated free fatty acids in the micelle fraction. Thus, this work provides valuable insight for designing delivery systems of bioactive compounds with optimal functionality.

Application of Advanced Emulsion Technology in the Food Industry: A Review and Critical Evaluation

“…Lipid composition also affects the in vitro digestibility of SLNs. SLNs formulated with medium-chain triglyceride oil and glyceryl stearate can be fully digested, whereas those formulated with medium-chain triglyceride oil and hydrogenated palm oil exhibit slower lipolysis kinetics and higher β-carotene bioaccessibility [165]. The reason is that the presence of monounsaturated long-chain fatty acids after digestion of hydrogenated palm oil-containing SLNs enhances the solubilization capacity of the mixed micelles for β-carotene.…”

Impact of Emulsifier Structure and Concentration on Lipolysis Dynamics and Curcumin Bioaccessibility in the Nanoemulsions Stabilized by Polyglycerol Fatty Acid Esters

“…2c ). One possible explanation was that FFAs released from PGFEs hydrolysis may participate in the formation of micelles, resulting in higher levels of micelles [ 23 ]. On the other hand, an opposite change in the particle size distributions occurred with an increase in the aliphatic chain lengths of PGEFs, which may be ascribed to the fact that FFAs generated from longer aliphatic chain of PGFEs were prone to form insoluble calcium soaps induced by calcium ions [ 26 ].…”

“…A three-parameter logistic model has been developed to elucidate the amount of FFAs released as a function of digestion time [ 23 ]. In the present study, released FFAs (%) during lipolysis was fitted to the following formula using a nonlinear analysis in Origin 9.0 software (Origin Lab, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA): where C(t) is released FFAs (%) when digestion time is t, C f is the asymptotic value when digestion time is ∞, k is the rate constant (min −1 ), Tc is the time to achieve effective lipolysis where half the FFAs are released (min).…”

Lipid-based nanostructures as a strategy to enhance curcumin bioaccessibility: Behavior under digestion and cytotoxicity assessment

“…Bonnaire et al (2008) reported that, besides the influence of lipid physical state on lipase adsorption to the droplet surface, where typically liquid lipids promote a better lipase's adsorption than the solid lipids, the spatial organization of lipid molecules can influence lipase ability to hydrolyze the triacylglycerols, once the triglycerides crystals can present different polymorphs, namely the β-form which is the densest polymorphic form (Himawan, Starov, & Stapley, 2006). Other authors observed that, besides the lipid's physical state, the chain length of the fatty acids in the lipid composition has a high impact in the FFA release and therefore in the lipid digestion degree (Helena de Abreu-Martins, Artiga-Artigas, Hilsdorf Piccoli, Martín-Belloso, & Salvia-Trujillo, 2020).…”

“…SLN presented the lowest bioaccessibility probably due to the composition of the mixed micelles produced and their solubilization capacity. Helena de Abreu-Martins et al (2020) studied the lipolysis kinetics, micelle fraction composition and the β-carotene bioaccessibility of SLN with different solid lipids and observed that besides the lipid digestion extent, the mixed micelles composition has a high impact on the β-carotene bioaccessibility. Also, the results from the present work are in accordance with other studies that reported that bioactive compounds loaded on particles produced with liquid lipids showed higher bioaccessibility than particles produced with solid lipids (Aditya et al, 2014).…”