The Liquid Culture Filtrates of Entomogenous fungus Paecilomyces tenuipes and Its Glycoprotein Constituent Protects against Anemia in Mice Treated with 5-Fluorouracil

Abstract

Severe anemia that is resistant to medical treatment is often observed in patients with malignancies who are undergoing chemotherapy, and the pathogenesis of this anemia and leukopenia is multifactorial.1) Low levels of circulating hematopoietic growth factors, such as erythropoietin (EPO) and some cytokines, that shorten the survival time of circulating red blood cells (RBCs) and decrease the number of immature erythroid cells in the bone marrow, probably due to chemotherapy or chronic inflammation, have been demonstrated as causes of anemia.2) To cope with chronic anemia, blood transfusions as well as EPO have been used clinically in various situations. Clinical trials of EPO in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy have demonstrated prevention of anemia development, although complete recovery has not been found.3) Clibon et al. 4) reported that EPO cannot sufficiently overcome the reduced hematopoiesis induced by the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a. Myelopoietic growth factors, such as granulocytemacrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), monocyte colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and granulocyte-colonystimulating factor (G-CSF), have also been used clinically for leukopenia in cancer chemotherapy.5) In addition to hematopoietic growth factors and transfusion, Japanese herbal medicines, such as Juzen-taiho-to, have been used clinically to ameliorate erythrocytopenia, fatigue or anorexia in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.6,7) In one clinical trial, Juzen-taiho-to was found to enhance the peripheral blood counts in cancer patients receiving radiation therapy, 6) and the active constituents were identified as oleic and linoleic acids. 7) Furthermore, an anti-cancer polysaccharide, lentinan, has been shown to stimulate the proliferation of immature erythroid progenitors, burst forming units-erythroid (BFU-E), and to improve 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced reductions in the number of BFU-E in mice. 8) We previously reported that hot-water extracts from Angelica acutiloba KITAGAWA, which is used as a herbal medicine for postmenstrual blood loss and EPO-resistant anemia in chronic renal failure, and its main active polysaccharide constituent increased peripheral RBC and reticulocyte counts, as well as BFU-E mix and colony forming units-erythroid (CFU-E) in cultured bone marrow cells from mice with 5-FU-induced anemia, and that these mechanisms were, in part, due to inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production without EPO mRNA expression in the liver and kidney.9) These results indicate that herbal medicines and plant metabolites that can stimulate the proliferation of erythroid progenitors and have the potential to recover erythrocytopenia in animal models of anemia may be useful for ameliorating anemia in clinical trials.Certain kinds of entomogenous fungi, genera Cordyceps The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of a liquid culture filtrates of the entomogenous fungus Paecilomyces tenuipes (PTCF) and its main active glycoprotein-enriched (PGF) fraction...

Anti-diabetic activities of Paecilomyces tenuipes N45 extract in alloxan-induced diabetic mice

“…(27,28). The immune-stimulating and antifatigue activities of Paecilomyces tenuipes have been investigated in animal models (14,29). In the present study, based on fermentation culture, the hypoglycemic effects associated with fasting blood glucose levels of Paecilomyces tenuipes N45 extracts were successfully investigated in an alloxan-induced diabetic mouse model.…”

Optimizing the Conditions for Polysaccharides Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction in Mycelium of Paecilomyces Tenuipes Pt196 Using Statistical Approach

“…This fungus is traditionally used as health foods for improving blood loss, fatigue and anorexia in Korea, Japan and China. Recently, some valuable constituents and beneficial biological activities of Paecilomyces tenuipes were found [1][2][3][4] . Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate structure and obtained from various organisms, such as microorganisms, plants, and animals.…”

Optimizing the Conditions for Polysaccharides Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction in Mycelium of Paecilomyces tenuipes Pt196 Using Statistical Approach

“…This fungus is traditionally used as health foods for improving blood loss, fatigue and anorexia in Korea, Japan and China. Recently, some valuable constituents and beneficial biological activities of Paecilomyces tenuipes were found [1][2][3][4] . Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate structure and obtained from various organisms, such as microorganisms, plants, and animals.…”