The lithofacies and reservoir characteristics of the Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian black shale in the Southern Sichuan Basin and its periphery, China

Han, Chao; Jiang, Zaixing; Han, Mei; Wu, Minghao; Lin, Wen

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.04.014

Cited by 118 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…Numerous studies have shown that organic matter pores play a key role in shale gas reservoir (Jarvie et al, ; Loucks et al, ). Most interparticle pores are primary pores and are seriously affected by diagenesis and mineral composition (Han et al, ; Loucks, Reed, Ruppel, & Hammes, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Sichuan Basin (Figure ) is bordered by the Micang‐Daba Mountains to the north, Songpan‐Ganzi Terrane and Longmen Mountains to the west, and the Xuefeng Mountains to the east (Han et al, ; Liang et al, ; Liang et al, ). The present shape of the Sichuan Basin results from multistage structural movements since the Sinian (Chen, ; Zhang, Zhang, & Guo, ).…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microcrystalline quartz is far more abundant than detrital quartz in Barnett Shale (Loucks & Ruppel, ). Few studies have investigated the source of quartz and its effect on shale gas reservoirs in the Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian black shale in the southern Sichuan Basin, southwestern China (Han, Jiang, Han, Wu, & Lin, ; Liang et al, ; Liang, Jiang, & Cao, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Source analysis of quartz from the Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian black shale and its effects on shale gas reservoir in the southern Sichuan Basin and its periphery, China

Han

Jiang

et al. 2018

Geological Journal

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A major breakthrough in shale gas exploration and development has been made concerning the black shale of the Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian. In recent years, significant progresses have been made regarding the exploration and development of shale gas in the black shale of the Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian. Accordingly, we investigated the petrological and geochemical characteristics of the black shale from WF2‐LM5 graptolite biozones and performed a source analysis of quartz as well as evaluated its effect on shale gas reservoirs. The black shale mainly contains clay, carbonate, and quartz with the average TOC of 2.21%. Three quartz types, Q1, Q2, and Q3, were identified via petrological and cathodoluminescence (CL) analysis. Q1 of detrital origin as suggested by its typical morphology with monocrystal structure, large grain‐size, subrounded to angular outlines, and clear edges. This is further supported by the occurrence of medium luminescence under cathodoluminescence and medium intensity of P1 and P2 and high intensity P3 according to CL images. Q2 accounts for more than 90% of quartz and exhibits cryptocrystalline texture, an irregular shape, blurring edges, and low luminescence, and its CL images show low intensity P1, low intensity P2, and high intensity P3. Q3 have the morphologies of siliceous organisms, for example, sponge spicules, radiolaria, and foraminifera. Q2 and Q3 belong to authigenic quartz derived from siliceous organisms. Th/U and V/Cr indicate black shale from LM1–3 mainly deposited in the dysoxic‐anoxic environment while black shale from LM4–5 deposited in the oxic environment. Authigenic quartz‐rich shales from LM1–3 were speculated to be the best shale gas reservoirs characterized by high TOC content, high gas content, and with negligible amount of detrital quartz. Compared with shale from LM1–3, black shale from LM4–5 usually have relatively high detrital quartz content and low TOC content and gas content. Considering the abundant interparticle pore space, the detrital quartz‐rich shale interbedded within the black shale from LM4–5, could also become good shale gas reservoirs if sufficient gas supply is guaranteed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Source analysis of quartz from the Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian black shale and its effects on shale gas reservoir in the southern Sichuan Basin and its periphery, China

Han

Jiang

et al. 2018

Geological Journal

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“…Mineralogical analysis indicates the quartz content mostly more than 40% even up to 65% in some interval. The brittle mineral content is a critical factor for stimulation when developing the shale gas system (Jarvie et al, 2007;Han, Jiang, Han, Wu, & Lin, 2016;Yuan, Wood, & Yu, 2015). From compositional perspectives, the Keluke Formation shales show some similarity with that of Barnett shales in the United States and Lower Cambrian in northern and northwestern Guizhou Province (Han et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Experimental Characterization and Resource Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentary microfacies and organic geochemical characterization of mudstones in the Keluke Formation in northeastern Qaidam, China

Liu

Zhong

et al. 2017

Geological Journal

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During the Early Carboniferous, the northeastern Qaidam Basin probably formed in an active continental margin setting. Due to marine regression after the late Early Carboniferous, the marginal shelf began to receive more terrestrial clastic sediments, and alternating occurrence of carbonates and siliciclastics characterized this region. Consequently, shales or mudstones with considerable thickness were deposited in the Upper Carboniferous, especially in the Keluke Formation. In order to illuminate a more accurate sedimentary environment of shales and further evaluate the shale gas potential, multidisciplinary traditional methods were conducted including rock core examinations and laboratory analysis. Results reveal that the sedimentary microfacies of shales in the Keluke Formation can be divided into the upper shoreface, the lower shoreface, and the upper to transition offshore. These microfacies developed on a homoclinal carbonate ramp with a gentle slope. The thickest succession of mudstone develops in the lower shoreface, which is a counterpart with the lagoonal setting of a stationary hydraulic system. The quartz content of shale samples ranges from 30% to 66% and clay minerals from 24% to 43% by bulk compositional analysis, which indicates the content of brittle minerals and shales fissility to some extent. The total organic carbon content ranges from 0.5% to 7.6% by weight, with an average value of 2.69% in ZK1‐1 and 1.11% in ZK3‐2, indicating abundant organic matter richness. The kerogen is mainly of type II, which indicates that source for the organic matter is a mixture of higher terrestrial plants and acquatic organisms. The vitrinite reflectance ranges from 1.22% to 1.55%, indicating a moderate to high thermal maturity. Three types of pores are recognized in the shales, including organic pores, intrapartical pores, and interparticle pores. The significance of this work emphasizes two aspects. First, it gives a more detailed classification of sedimentary environment of the mudstone succession; second, it acquires the preliminary subsurface data regarding to the shale gas potential evaluation.

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“…In recent years, following the guidance of the North American, the exploration and development of shale gas in China has progressed remarkably. In 2018, the gas output of the Fuling area and southern Sichuan exceeded 6 × 10 9 m 3 and 3 × 10 9 m 3 , respectively, which set off an upsurge of shale gas exploration and development in China [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micropore Structural Heterogeneity of Siliceous Shale Reservoir of the Longmaxi Formation in the Southern Sichuan Basin, China

Tang

Zheng

2019

Minerals

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In recent years, the shale gas in the southern Sichuan Basin has achieved great commercial development, and the Silurian Longmaxi Formation is the main development stratum. In order to solve the problems of great difference production and inaccurate gas content of the Longmaxi Formation shale gas field in the southern Sichuan Basin, based on thin section identification, argon ion polishing-field emission scanning electron microscopy, high pressure mercury injection, low temperature nitrogen adsorption and the fractal method, the micropore structural heterogeneity of the siliceous shale reservoir of the Longmaxi Formation has been studied. The results show the following: The pores of siliceous shale are mainly intergranular pores and organic pores. Image analysis shows that there are obvious differences in size and distribution of shale pores among different types. The micropore structural heterogeneity is as follows: intragranular pore > intergranular pore > organic pore. In the paper, the combination of low temperature nitrogen adsorption method and high-pressure mercury injection method is proposed to characterize the micropore size distribution and fractal dimension, which ensures the credibility of pore heterogeneity. The shale pores are mainly composed of mesopores (2–20 nm), followed by macropores (100–300 nm). For different pore sizes, the fractal dimension from large to small is mesopore, micropore and macropore. Shale pore structure and fractal dimension are correlated with mineral composition and total organic carbon (TOC) content, but the correlation is significantly different in different areas, being mainly controlled by the sedimentary environment and diagenesis.

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The lithofacies and reservoir characteristics of the Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian black shale in the Southern Sichuan Basin and its periphery, China

Cited by 118 publications

References 54 publications

Source analysis of quartz from the Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian black shale and its effects on shale gas reservoir in the southern Sichuan Basin and its periphery, China

Source analysis of quartz from the Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian black shale and its effects on shale gas reservoir in the southern Sichuan Basin and its periphery, China

Sedimentary microfacies and organic geochemical characterization of mudstones in the Keluke Formation in northeastern Qaidam, China

Micropore Structural Heterogeneity of Siliceous Shale Reservoir of the Longmaxi Formation in the Southern Sichuan Basin, China

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