The ‘Little Ice Age’: the first virtual issue of <i>The Holocene</i>

Chambers, Frank M.

doi:10.1177/0959683615593688

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The interval studied here, AD 1400–1950, is particularly important because it is characterized by regional- to global-scale variations in temperature and insolation. It is characterized by the LIA (Bradley and Jones, 1993; Chambers, 2015; Mann, 2002; Mann et al, 2009) and by the warming of the last century (e.g. Bradley, 2000; Crowley, 2000; Folland et al, 1990) of more than 0.5°C over most parts of Africa (Niang et al, 2014 and references therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stalagmite multi-proxy evidence of wet and dry intervals in northeastern Namibia: Linkage to latitudinal shifts of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone and changing solar activity from AD 1400 to 1950

et al. 2016

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Multiple proxies using variation in δ18O, δ13C, mineralogy, and petrography in a newly generated high-resolution record of Stalagmite DP1 from Dante Cave indicate a linkage between changes in hydroclimate in northeastern Namibia and changes in solar activity and changes in global temperatures. The record suggests that during solar minima and globally cooler conditions (ca. 1660–1710 and ca. 1790–1830), wetter periods (reflecting longer summer seasons) in northeastern Namibia were linked to advances of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the Inter-Ocean Convergence Zone (IOCZ) southwestward. A slight southward push of the Angola–Benguela Front (ABF) during such intervals could also be expected, bringing more rainfall inland. On the other hand, drier and warmer periods in northeastern Namibia, inferred from the increasing δ18O trend in Stalagmite DP1 after AD 1715, coincide with globally warmer conditions, and thus a northeastward migration of the ITCZ, specifically with more warming of the Northern Hemisphere (NH). This finding agrees with reducing precipitation observed in the summer rainfall zone of southern Africa since ca. 1900. Therefore, predictions of warming in high-latitude regions of the NH in the next century should suggest that the presently semi-arid climate of northern Namibia may become even drier.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stalagmite multi-proxy evidence of wet and dry intervals in northeastern Namibia: Linkage to latitudinal shifts of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone and changing solar activity from AD 1400 to 1950

et al. 2016

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“…LIA post-dates the Medieval Solar Maximum, and encompasses up to four solar minima sun spot activity: Wolf (1275-1300 BP), Sporer (1460 and 1550 AD), Maunder (1645-1715 AD) and Dalton (1790 and 1830 AD) [53], and precedes the 'contemporary' (namely, late 20th century Solar Maximum) [54,55] occurring during the so-called Anthropocene [56,57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Estimation of the Post Little Ice Age Relative Sea Level Rise

2019

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The study area is located in NW Sardinia Island (Italy), Mediterranean Sea. Sardinia is considered stable since the late Pliocene with a negligible subsidence of about 0.01 mm/y. It is therefore normally used to reconstruct the Pleistocene and Holocene sea level curves. Our research focusses on the sea-facing city of Alghero that from 1353 to 1720 was under the Spanish government. During this time, the city was renovated and new buildings edified. Dimension stones were quarried all around Alghero both in the nearby inland and along the coast. Coastal quarries were considered the most suitable for both rock quality and the easiest way to transport the quarried material by boat. The quarried rocks are late Pleistocene dune and beach sandstones deposited from the 132 ka (Marine Isotopic Stage—MIS5) to about 65 ka (MIS4). Sandstones crop out from few cm to 3 m above the present sea level and underwent several consolidation processes related to loading and marine weathering. This latter favoured dissolution and circulation of calcium carbonate which cemented the rocks. It is reported that the Spanish were looking for these “marine” sandstones for their high geotechnical characteristics. Different rules were adopted through time for the size of the dimension stones and this has allowed us to establish a quarry exploitation chronology. For example, “40 × 60 × 20” cm was the size of the dimension stones used for the Alghero Cathedral dated at 1505–1593. Nowadays most of the coastal Spanish quarry floors are 30 centimetres below mean sea level (tidal range is 30 cm). Accordingly, we infer that relative sea level from 1830 AD (and of the Little Ice Age) rose in about 200 years to the present level at the rate of about 1.4 mm/y. Considering that relative sea level rise during the Medieval warm period was of 0.6 mm/y over a period of about 400 years, we may deduce that human influence was strong enough to lead to a relative sea-level rise faster and in shorter time.

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“…Wanner et al, 2008), and changes in regional to global-scale variations in temperature (e.g. Neukom et al, 2014;Chambers, 2015).…”

Section: Itcz and Insolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although much is known about the Holocene climate change worldwide (Mayewski et al, 2004;2015), high-resolution climate data for the Holocene period is still regionally limited in the Southern Hemisphere (e.g. Wanner et al 2008;Marcott et al 2013;Wanner et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three distinct Holocene intervals revealed in NW Madagascar: evidence from two stalagmites from two caves, and implications for ITCZ dynamics

Voarintsoa

Railsback

Brook

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Petrographic features, mineralogy, and stable isotopes from two stalagmites collected from Anjohibe and Anjokipoty Cave allow distinction of three intervals of the Holocene in northwestern Madagascar. The Malagasy early Holocene interval (between ca. 9.8 and 7.8 ka) was wet, and vegetation changes seem to have been controlled by changes in climate. The Malagasy late Holocene interval (after ca. 1.6 ka) also records evidence of wet conditions, but changes in vegetation were influenced by anthropogenic effects, as suggested by the stalagmite δ13C shift. The Malagasy middle Holocene interval seems to be characterized by drier conditions, relative to the early and late Holocene. The alternating wet/dry/wet conditions in northwestern Madagascar during each of these Holocene intervals could be linked to the long-term migration of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Higher southern hemisphere (SH) insolation and globally colder conditions drove the ITCZ's mean position further south, bringing more rainfall to northwestern Madagascar. This condition was favorable for stalagmite deposition. In contrast, higher northern hemisphere (NH) insolation and globally warmer conditions displaced the ITCZ further north, bringing less rainfall to northwestern Madagascar. This condition was not favorable for stalagmite deposition. The linkage between global cooling and wet conditions in regions of the SH, in response to the southward migration of the ITCZ, is further exemplified at centennial scale by the negative δ18O and δ13C values in northwestern Madagascar during the 8.2 ka cold event when the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) weakened. Weakening of the AMOC led to an enhanced temperature gradient between the two hemispheres, i.e. cold NH and warm SH, shifting the mean position of the ITCZ further south. This brought wet conditions in the SH monsoon regions, such as northwestern Madagascar, and dry conditions in the NH monsoon regions, including the Asian Monsoon and the East Asian Summer Monsoon. This climatic relationship is useful to test for climate models that are used to predict changes in future climate.

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The ‘Little Ice Age’: the first virtual issue of The Holocene

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Stalagmite multi-proxy evidence of wet and dry intervals in northeastern Namibia: Linkage to latitudinal shifts of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone and changing solar activity from AD 1400 to 1950

Stalagmite multi-proxy evidence of wet and dry intervals in northeastern Namibia: Linkage to latitudinal shifts of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone and changing solar activity from AD 1400 to 1950

New Estimation of the Post Little Ice Age Relative Sea Level Rise

Three distinct Holocene intervals revealed in NW Madagascar: evidence from two stalagmites from two caves, and implications for ITCZ dynamics

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