“…In the studies reviewed, there was considerable emphasis on the link between psychosocial challenges and poor hospital and treatment outcomes, but without clear specificity. That is, challenges such as poor psychological adjustment, depression, anxiety, perceived loss of control, reduced coping ability, or cognitive impairments, were variously linked with longer hospital stays, reduced response to treatment, poorer recovery, more complications, more treatments, more invasive interventions, greater pain, and higher readmission rates (Drenth, 2013;Ensberg, Paletta, Galecki, Dacko, & Fries, 1993;Fraczyk & Godfrey, 2010;Lamarche, Taddeo, & Pepler, 1998;Oxlad, Stubberfield, Stuklis, Edwards, & Wade, 2006;Shahmansouri et al, 2014;Vallis & Leddin, 2004). …”