This study used a quantitative cross-sectional design to examine the relationship of spirituality, religiosity, and resilience to psychological distress and life satisfaction. Participants were 413 middle-aged Vietnamese-born American Catholics. Results from the zero-order correlation analyses indicated that depression and life satisfaction were significantly predicted by spirituality, religiosity, and resilience, but not by acculturative stress. A series of multiple regressions examined the main effects and interaction effects of spirituality, religiosity, and resilience on depression and life satisfaction, controlling for 4 demographic and 5 personality factors. The results revealed that acculturative stress had no significant direct association with depression and life satisfaction nor in interaction with spirituality, religiosity, or resilience. Religious involvement, religious crisis, and resilience in midlife significantly predicted depression and life satisfaction controlling for covariates (⌬R 2 scores ranged from .01 to .04). These findings provided further support for the hypothesis that religiosity and resilience are important resources for managing psychological distress and enhancing life satisfaction for Vietnamese-born American Catholic immigrants at midlife. Implications for counseling practice and future research are discussed.
What is the public significance of this article?The study investigated how spirituality, religiosity, and resilience influence the stress experienced by middle-aged Vietnamese-born Catholics living in the United States and how they cope with such stress. The findings suggest that psychologists and other helping professionals consider clients' religious beliefs and practices, and capacity for resilience, as important components of assessment and treatment when helping middle-aged Vietnamese-born American Catholic immigrants to manage psychological distress and enhance life satisfaction.