The llama's share: Highland origins of camelids during the Late Paracas period (370 to 200 BCE) in south Peru demonstrated by strontium isotope analysis

Mader, Christian; Hölzl, Stefan; Heck, Karin; Reindel, Markus; Isla, Johny

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2018.04.032

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Care must be used in modeling animal and plant strontium sources, however, given that non-local plants and animals likely played an important role in many Andean groups with access to far-reaching and complex exchange networks. In particular, camelids like alpacas and llamas are common protein sources in the Andes-and many of these moved from the highlands to the coast and/or vice-versa throughout their lifetimes (Núñez and Dillehay, 1979;Browman, 1980;Thornton et al, 2011;deFrance et al, 2016;Tripcevich and Capriles, 2016;Mader et al, 2018), so that individuals with diets high in camelid protein might demonstrate correspondingly complex 87 Sr/ 86 Sr that does not necessarily echo the landscape 87 Sr/ 86 Sr of origin for human end-members. Similarly, marine proteins like dried fish were often exchanged over great distances into midelevations and highlands (Lynch, 1983;Quilter and Stocker, 1983;Hastorf, 2003), which could drive radiogenic isotope signatures upwards in communities with sustained and significant access to coastal exchange routes.…”

Section: Peruvian Water 87 Sr/ 86 Sr Isoscape Predicts One-tenth Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking Locally: A Water 87Sr/86Sr Isoscape for Geolocation of Archeological Samples in the Peruvian Andes

et al. 2020

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The analysis of 87 Sr/ 86 Sr has become a robust tool for identifying non-local individuals at archeological sites. The 87 Sr/ 86 Sr in human bioapatite reflects the geological signature of food and water consumed during tissue development. Modeling relationships between 87 Sr/ 86 Sr in human environments, food webs, and archeological human tissues is critical for moving from identifying non-locals to determining their likely provenience. In the Andes, obstacles to sample geolocation include overlapping 87 Sr/ 86 Sr of distant geographies and a poor understanding of mixed strontium sources in food and drink. Here, water is investigated as a proxy for bioavailable strontium in archeological human skeletal and dental tissues. This study develops a water 87 Sr/ 86 Sr isoscape from 262 samples (220 new and 42 published samples), testing the model with published archeological human skeletal 87 Sr/ 86 Sr trimmed of probable non-locals. Water 87 Sr/ 86 Sr and prediction error between the predicted and measured 87 Sr/ 86 Sr for the archeological test set are compared by elevation, underlying geology, and watershed size. Across the Peruvian Andes, water 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ranges from 0.7049 to 0.7227 (M = 0.7081, SD = 0.0027). Water 87 Sr/ 86 Sr is higher in the highlands, in areas overlying older bedrock, and in larger watersheds, characteristics which are geographically correlated. Spatial outliers identified are from canals, wells, and one stream, suggesting those sources could show non-representative 87 Sr/ 86 Sr. The best-fit water 87 Sr/ 86 Sr isoscape achieves prediction errors for archeological samples ranging from 0.0017-0.0031 (M = 0.0012, n = 493). The water isoscape explains only 7.0% of the variation in archeological skeletal 87 Sr/ 86 Sr (R 2 = 0.07), but 90.0% of archeological skeleton 87 Sr/ 86 Sr fall within the site isoscape prediction ± site prediction standard error. Due to lower sampling density and higher geological variability in the highlands, the water 87 Sr/ 86 Sr isoscape is more useful for ruling out geographic origins for lowland

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Section: Peruvian Water 87 Sr/ 86 Sr Isoscape Predicts One-tenth Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking Locally: A Water 87Sr/86Sr Isoscape for Geolocation of Archeological Samples in the Peruvian Andes

et al. 2020

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“…This encouragement probably also attracted wild fauna, reproducing hunting gathering strategies within the context of these new economies. Most of the ultimately stable isotopic studies carried out to gain insights into lowland husbandry have shown a diverse set of strategies to feed and maintain these herds (Gayo et al, 2020; Mader et al, 2018; Szpak and Valenzuela, 2020; Tomczyk et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silvopastoralism and the shaping of forest patches in the Atacama Desert during the Formative Period (ca. 3000–1500 years BP)

et al. 2022

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During the Formative period by the Late-Holocene (ca. 3000–1500 BP), semi-sedentary and sedentary human occupations had emerged in the oases, salares, and riverine systems in the central depression (2400–1000 masl) of the Atacama Desert, northern Chile (19–25°S). This hyperarid core was marginally occupied during the post-Pleistocene and middle Holocene droughts. Settlement on these lower belts was accompanied by a rise in humidity, the introduction of Andean crops, flourishment of Prosopis spp. (algarrobo) forests, and increasing integration of domestic camelid caravans. Here, we explore lowland husbandry within risk-spreading strategies, focusing on silvopastoralism and endozoochory between camelids and algarrobos. Analysis of camelid coprolites from seven archeological sites located in the Pampa del Tamarugal, Loa River, and Salar de Atacama found intense grinding from camelid chewing and indicated a ruminal digestive system. Abundant macro and microremains in the form of tissues, phytoliths, crystals, cell structures, and others, were identified as Prosopis, Atriplex, Schoenoplectus, Distichlis, and Phragmites. We conclude that camelids were foraging for Prosopis, although the rather low number of entire seeds preserved in the coprolites leads us to think that these herbivores might not have been the main vectors for the spread and germination of algarrobos. More samples and interdisciplinary studies are needed to comprehend the complex socioecological web in the shaping of these forests and the management of the Atacama Desert landscapes.

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“…También hallamos un pedazo de mandíbula con sus molares in situ que puede pertenecer a un camélido. La confirmación de la presencia de restos de camélidos (huesos, lana bajo forma de fibra) en otros contextos Paracas de la época (Mader et al 2018) indica que ya en ese tiempo había claros contactos con poblaciones de la sierra.…”

Section: Recursos De Subsistenciaunclassified

La ocupación paracas en el sitio El Mono, valle de Chincha, Perú

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2019

BOLARQ

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En el valle de Chincha se han identificado, hasta hoy, numerosos sitios y asentamientos arqueológicos de filiación Paracas. Entre estos destacan grandes complejos arquitectónicos que conservan edificaciones con arquitectura de tipo monumental, así como también varios edificios menores de carácter público, notándose al mismo tiempo pocos sitios de vivienda. Uno de estos sitios con edificios menores corresponde al sitio arqueológico El Mono, el cual está ubicado en la margen izquierda del valle medio-alto de Chincha y cerca del actual poblado de El Carmen. En el lugar se encuentran varios montículos bajos de planta rectangular que en su interior esconden pequeños edificios hechos con muros de adobes y piedras. Este es uno de los primeros sitios de la época Paracas en donde se realizaron excavaciones científicas en los años 1985 y 1987. En dos de los montículos presentes en el sitio las excavaciones han puesto al descubierto pequeñas estructuras arquitectónicas conformadas por plataformas bajas y escalonadas pertenecientes a la época Paracas Tardío. En los rellenos constructivos se encontraron diversos materiales culturales, en especial fragmentos de cerámica del estilo Pinta según la secuencia propuesta para el valle de Chincha, la cual es comparable con la fase Ocucaje 8 (300 a.C.) del valle de Ica. En este artículo se presentan las evidencias registradas en 1987 durante las excavaciones en uno de los edificios (Edificio C1) del sitio El Mono, que en 1992 constituyó el tema de mi tesis para obtener la Maestría (

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The llama's share: Highland origins of camelids during the Late Paracas period (370 to 200 BCE) in south Peru demonstrated by strontium isotope analysis

Cited by 30 publications

References 41 publications

Drinking Locally: A Water 87Sr/86Sr Isoscape for Geolocation of Archeological Samples in the Peruvian Andes

Drinking Locally: A Water 87Sr/86Sr Isoscape for Geolocation of Archeological Samples in the Peruvian Andes

Silvopastoralism and the shaping of forest patches in the Atacama Desert during the Formative Period (ca. 3000–1500 years BP)

La ocupación paracas en el sitio El Mono, valle de Chincha, Perú

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The llama's share: Highland origins of camelids during the Late Paracas period (370 to 200 BCE) in south Peru demonstrated by strontium isotope analysis

Cited by 30 publications

References 41 publications

Drinking Locally: A Water 87Sr/86Sr Isoscape for Geolocation of Archeological Samples in the Peruvian Andes

Drinking Locally: A Water 87Sr/86Sr Isoscape for Geolocation of Archeological Samples in the Peruvian Andes

Silvopastoralism and the shaping of forest patches in the Atacama Desert during the Formative Period (ca. 3000–1500 years BP)

La ocupación paracas en el sitio El Mono, valle de Chincha, Perú

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Product

Resources

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The llama's share: Highland origins of camelids during the Late Paracas period (370 to 200 BCE) in south Peru demonstrated by strontium isotope analysis