The Localism Act 2011: What is ‘Local’ and How Do We (Legally) Construct It?

Layard, Antonia

doi:10.1350/enlr.2012.14.2.152

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…In Beal's view, this effectively decriminalised skateboarding in California (Beal, 2013: 33). In the UK similar efforts to protect such activity could be provided by attempting to list a space/place as an Asset of Community Value (ACV) under the Localism Act 2011 (see generally Layard, 2012). Whilst its avowed focus was to capture amenities such as local pubs and village shops that were threatened with closure, its ambit included the possibility of various cultural, sporting and recreational spaces falling within its scope.…”

Section: Valorising Lifestyle Sport: Law Space and Social Utilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and benefits in lifestyle sports: parkour, law and social value

Gilchrist

Osborn

2017

International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics

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This paper examines the interrelationship between law and lifestyle sports, viewed through the lens of parkour. We argue that the literature relating to legal approaches to lifestyle sport is currently underdeveloped and so seek to partially fill this lacuna. Hitherto, we argue, the law has been viewed as a largely negative presence, seen particularly in terms of the ways in which counter-cultural activities are policed and regulated, and where such activities are viewed as transgressive or undesirable. We argue that this is a somewhat unsophisticated take on how the law can operate, with law constructed as an outcome of constraints to behaviour (where the law authorises or prohibits), distinct from the legal contexts, environments and spaces in which these relationships occur. We argue that the distinctive settings in which lifestyle sports are practiced needs a more fine-grained analysis as they are settings which bear, and bring to life, laws and regulations that shape how space is to be experienced. We examine specifically the interrelationship between risk and benefit and how the law recognises issues of social utility or value, particularly within the context of lifestyle sport. We seek to move from user-centred constructions of law as an imposition, to a more nuanced position that looks at parkour at the intersections of law, space and lifestyle sport, in order to reveal how law can be used to support and extend claims to space.

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Section: Valorising Lifestyle Sport: Law Space and Social Utilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and benefits in lifestyle sports: parkour, law and social value

Gilchrist

Osborn

2017

International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics

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“…66 The legal construction of these local communities seems rather to involve an attempt, as Layard describes it, "to create rather fixed, static, territorial units rather than reflecting an inter-linking network of scales of decision making." 67 It is a process that creates a local unit legally, and establishes it as site for governance, within a wider context where self-government is preferred to central government, and the individual consumer operating within the democracy of the marketplace is seen as the main model. 68 As Lowndes and Prachett see it, "on the one hand, communities are being asked to take responsibility for creating new markets in areas of public service, whilst on the other hand their influence routes are increasingly individualized and marketized."…”

Section: New Localism: a Governmental Strategy Enlisting The Governedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citizen Participation: A Critical Look at the Democratic Adequacy of Government Consultations

Morison¹

2017

Oxford Journal of Legal Studies

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The author would like to thank the participants at various conferences where these ideas were developed, various colleagues, including The author would like to thank the participants at various conferences where these ideas were developed, various colleagues, including Professors Gordon Anthony and Amnon Reichman, and the editor and anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions. 1 There is of course a worldwide and international context for consultation. The United Nations Agenda 21 on sustainable development calls for "the broadest public participation" and urges "the active involvement of the non-governmental organizations and other groups" (see https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/Agenda21.pdf). The European Commission is attempting to redress the disconnect with its institutions felt by many of its citizens through a variety of initiatives including a "Your voice in Europe" consultation webpage and its Citizens' Dialogue initiative (see http://ec.europa.eu/yourvoice/index_en.htm, and http://ec.europa.eu/citizens-dialogues/ (visited 14 th February 2017). See also D Friedrich, Democratic Participation and Civil Society in the European Union (Manchester: Manchester University Press 2011). Green paper followed by White Paper, with perhaps a little discussion with interested groups or lobbyists, has given way to a more elaborate processes seeking the views of a wider range of interests. 2 Despite the fact that, as Davidson and Elstub point out, the culture of democracy and nature of government structures in the UK have never been particularly suited to deliberation, 3 there have been a variety of experiments over the last quarter century. These have involved citizen juries, deliberative polls and participatory budgeting, sometimes with an information and communication technology (ICT) element. 4 However most consultations are more prosaic, with the online element restricted to a webpage containing a link to a .pdf document. The UK Government's website page for "Consultations" lists 698 consultations published in 2016 alone, out of a total of 3,642 since the decade began. 5 Devolution has intensified the emphasis on consultation. The Northern Ireland Act 1998 initially led the way through its s. 75 requirement that public authorities promote equality of opportunity, and consult widely about the effect of their policies on persons of different sex, religious belief, political opinion, racial group, age, marital status or sexual orientation, and those with a disability or with dependents. The Scottish Ministerial Code commits the Scottish Government "to develop procedures which make possible a participative approach to the development, consideration and scrutiny of policy and legislation", and it has established a "Consultation Hub". 6 Participatory budgeting too has received a boost in Scotland with a commitment in 2016 to spend an extra half million pounds in this way. 7 In Wales there is not only a list of consultations online but the Council for Voluntary Action maintains a webpage detailing cons...

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“…El Localism Act de 2011 también transfiere el poder decisorio sobre proyectos de infraestructura al gobierno central, apoyado en una Unidad de Grandes Proyectos de Infraestructura (Major Infrastructure and Environment Unit), una agencia ejecutiva del gobierno central, encargada de "evitar costos y demoras innecesarios en la ejecución de proyectos de infraestructura de interés nacional". Esto representa una diferenciación escalar radical y la desconexión de infraestructura de la planeación local integral (Layard, 2012).…”

Section: Reino Unido Birminghamunclassified

Reformas y nuevas prácticas del Estado en el desarrollo urbano después de la crisis financiera global de 2008

Brand¹

2016

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The Localism Act 2011: What is ‘Local’ and How Do We (Legally) Construct It?

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Risk and benefits in lifestyle sports: parkour, law and social value

Risk and benefits in lifestyle sports: parkour, law and social value

Citizen Participation: A Critical Look at the Democratic Adequacy of Government Consultations

Reformas y nuevas prácticas del Estado en el desarrollo urbano después de la crisis financiera global de 2008

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