The Loess and the Origin of Chinese Agriculture

Ho, Ping-ti

doi:10.2307/1841914

Cited by 97 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Either of these two distinct types is cultivated in respective areas because of micro-geographical variation in climatic condition, as stated by Iwaki et al (2000). Zeven (1980) introduced the statement about early wheat cultivation in North China by Ho (1969); "up to ca. 500 BC bread wheat had not made much progress in North China due to its poor adaptability to spring droughts ... Spring wheat had been introduced from Central Asia during the Former Han Empire."…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity and Geographical Differentiation in Asian Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Revealed by the Analysis of Peroxidase and Esterase Isozymes

et al. 2005

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Genetic structure of Asian wheat (Tritium aestivum L.) was investigated by the analysis of two isozymes, using 648 wheat landraces. Gene diversity over all populations was 0.254, and the trend of an eastward decline was observed. By cluster analysis and principal co-ordinate analysis based on genetic distance among populations, thirty-three populations were classified into six clusters, and it was indicated that Asian wheat could be divided into at least three lineages. The first lineage of wheat consisted of populations from Turkey to Sichuan (China), suggesting the spread of wheat to southwest China through the ancient Myanmar route. Wheat populations introduced to China through this route were mostly of the red-grain type, and it was considered that wheat adapted to humid and rather hot condition in southern slope of Himalaya had been selected and introduced to China. The second lineage comprised of populations from the areas along the so-called "Silk Road". Wheat is commonly cultivated under dry and cold condition in these areas, and was characterized by the frequent distribution of white-grain type. The third lineage contained populations from the coastal area of China and Korea, and genetic relationship with the second lineage was suggested. The result of the present study indicated that Asian wheat is genetically and geographically differentiated, and that different types of genetic resources could be found depending on the growing condition and the lineage of wheat populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity and Geographical Differentiation in Asian Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Revealed by the Analysis of Peroxidase and Esterase Isozymes

et al. 2005

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“…As loess is fertile soil that could be easily reclaimed in the Stone Age, the loess region of the middle Yellow River basin became the cradle of Chinese agriculture. At that time the lower Yellow River flowed through wetlands with no traces of human activity (Ho 1969). (modified after Zhang 1996).…”

Section: History Of the Yellow River Floodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Farming area in the Loess Plateau was small and located in river valleys, on flat loess terraces and on high plains where soil erosion intensity is modest (Ho 1969). The Chinese were still practicing a mixed farming that included pasture, fishing, and hunting.…”

Section: History Of the Yellow River Floodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-economic Impacts on Flooding: A 4000-Year History of the Yellow River, China

Chen

Syvitski

Gao

et al. 2012

AMBIO

219

163

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We analyze 4000-year flood history of the lower Yellow River and the history of agricultural development in the middle river by investigating historical writings and quantitative time series data of environmental changes in the river basin. Flood dynamics are characterized by positive feedback loops, critical thresholds of natural processes, and abrupt transitions caused by socio-economic factors. Technological and organizational innovations were dominant driving forces of the flood history. The popularization of iron plows and embankment of the lower river in the 4th century BC initiated a positive feedback loop on levee breaches. The strength of the feedback loop was enhanced by farming of coarse-sediment producing areas, steep hillslope cultivation, and a new river management paradigm, and finally pushed the flood frequency to its climax in the seventeenth century. The co-evolution of river dynamics and Chinese society is remarkable, especially farming and soil erosion in the middle river, and central authority and river management in the lower river.

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“…t is widely believed that East Asian agriculture evolved in isolation from early agricultural developments elsewhere around the globe, producing a developmentally distinct suite of domesticates including rice, broomcorn millet, foxtail millet, pigs, dogs, and chickens (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Although the details of this East Asian agricultural revolution are cloudy, existing evidence points to 2 historically-independent evolutionary phenomena rooted in separate and ecologically distinct parts of mainland China: a rice-based system in the warm-humid south and a millet-based system in the cold-arid north (7,8,12,13) (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural origins and the isotopic identity of domestication in northern China

Barton

Newsome²,

Chen³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

438

320

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Stable isotope biochemistry (␦ 13 C and ␦ 15 N) and radiocarbon dating of ancient human and animal bone document 2 distinct phases of plant and animal domestication at the Dadiwan site in northwest China. The first was brief and nonintensive: at various times between 7900 and 7200 calendar years before present (calBP) people harvested and stored enough broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) to provision themselves and their hunting dogs (Canis sp.) throughout the year. The second, much more intensive phase was in place by 5900 calBP: during this time both broomcorn and foxtail (Setaria viridis spp. italica) millets were cultivated and made significant contributions to the diets of people, dogs, and pigs (Sus sp.). The systems represented in both phases developed elsewhere: the earlier, low-intensity domestic relationship emerged with hunter-gatherers in the arid north, while the more intensive, later one evolved further east and arrived at Dadiwan with the Yangshao Neolithic. The stable isotope methodology used here is probably the best means of detecting the symbiotic human-plantanimal linkages that develop during the very earliest phases of domestication and is thus applicable to the areas where these connections first emerged and are critical to explaining how and why agriculture began in East Asia.East Asia ͉ millet ͉ Neolithic ͉ origins of agriculture ͉ stable isotope biochemistry

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The Loess and the Origin of Chinese Agriculture

Cited by 97 publications

References 0 publications

Genetic Diversity and Geographical Differentiation in Asian Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Revealed by the Analysis of Peroxidase and Esterase Isozymes

Genetic Diversity and Geographical Differentiation in Asian Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Revealed by the Analysis of Peroxidase and Esterase Isozymes

Socio-economic Impacts on Flooding: A 4000-Year History of the Yellow River, China

Agricultural origins and the isotopic identity of domestication in northern China

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