The long‐acting progestogen‐only contraceptive injections: an update

Bhathena, R. K.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2001.00023.x

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The primary contraceptive effect is supplemented by changes in the cervical mucus and in the endometrium. The failure rates reported are 51 per 100 woman-years 53,54 .…”

Section: The Long-acting Progestogen-only Injectionsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Injectable progestogens are additionally beneficial in relieving menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea 53,54 .…”

Section: The Long-acting Progestogen-only Injectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With DMPA, there is a significant reduction in the risk of endometrial cancer (relative risk 0.2) 54,55 . As a consequence of the progestogenic effect on the cervical mucus, there is less likelihood of pelvic inflammatory disease 54 .…”

Section: The Long-acting Progestogen-only Injectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Long-acting Progestogen-only Injectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence of the progestogenic effect on the cervical mucus, there is less likelihood of pelvic inflammatory disease 54 . The main disadvantages are weight gain and menstrual irregularity 54 . Amenorrhea occurs in about two-thirds of the long-term users of DMPA and in about one-quarter of those using norethisterone enanthate 52 .…”

Section: The Long-acting Progestogen-only Injectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Contraception for the older woman: an update

Bhathena¹,

Guillebaud

2006

Climacteric

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although fertility declines with advancing age as the woman approaches the menopause, some risk of pregnancy persists, and effective contraception needs to be offered to avoid an unintended pregnancy. An older woman may have menstrual dysfunction or climacteric symptoms and these factors would need consideration when making the choice of contraception. Low-estrogen dose combined oral contraceptives may be prescribed to healthy non-smoking women up to about 50 years of age. The progestogen-only pill may be an appropriate option in an older woman with declining fertility. The copper intrauterine device is an optimal method for parous women free of pre-existing menstrual problems. The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system is considered the contraceptive method of choice for perimenopausal women with menstrual dysfunction. The woman should be provided with individualized advice so that she has a choice between the newer, effective, largely safe, reversible methods and sterilization.

show abstract

“…The primary contraceptive effect is supplemented by changes in the cervical mucus and in the endometrium. The failure rates reported are 51 per 100 woman-years 53,54 .…”

Section: The Long-acting Progestogen-only Injectionsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Injectable progestogens are additionally beneficial in relieving menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea 53,54 .…”

Section: The Long-acting Progestogen-only Injectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Long-acting Progestogen-only Injectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Long-acting Progestogen-only Injectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Long-acting Progestogen-only Injectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Contraception for the older woman: an update

Bhathena¹,

Guillebaud

2006

Climacteric

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Lower concentrations of chemotactic cytokines and soluble innate factors in the lower female genital tract associated with the use of injectable hormonal contraceptive

Ngcapu¹,

Masson²,

Sibeko³

et al. 2015

Journal of Reproductive Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Progesterone-based injectable hormonal contraceptives (HCs) potentially modulate genital barrier integrity and regulate the innate immune environment in the female genital tract, thereby enhancing risk for STIs or HIV infection. We investigated the effects of injectable HC use on concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and other soluble factors associated with genital epithelial repair and integrity. The concentrations of 42 inflammatory, regulatory, adaptive, growth factors and hematopoetic cytokines, five matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and four tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) were measured in cervicovaginal lavages (CVLs) from 64 HIV negative women using injectable HCs and 64 control women not using any HCs, in a matched case-control study. There were no differences between groups in the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV; nugent score ≥7), or common sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In multivariate analyses adjusting for condom use, sex work status, marital status, BV and STIs, median concentrations of chemokines (eotaxin, MCP-1, MDC), adaptive cytokines (IL-15), growth factors (PDGF-AA) and a metalloproteinase (TIMP-2) were significantly lower in CVLs from women using injectable HCs than controls. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12p40 and chemokine fractalkine were less likely to have detectable levels in women using injectable HCs compared to those not using HCs. We conclude that injectable HC use was associated with an immunosuppressive female genital tract innate immune profile. While the relationship between injectable HC use and STI or HIV risk is yet to be resolved, our data suggest that injectable HCs effects were similar between STI positive and STI negative participants.

show abstract

Medical management of menorrhagia

O'Leary

Tejura

2005

Reviews in Gynaecological Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The long‐acting progestogen‐only contraceptive injections: an update

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Contraception for the older woman: an update

Contraception for the older woman: an update

Lower concentrations of chemotactic cytokines and soluble innate factors in the lower female genital tract associated with the use of injectable hormonal contraceptive

Medical management of menorrhagia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About