The Long and Short of Biodiversity: Cumulative Diversity and Its Drivers

Hammond, Matthew P.; Kolasa, Jurek

doi:10.3390/d11030041

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…We approximated the dry body mass of the remaining species by using information from species with the most similar morphology and size and known biomass values. The invertebrate communities are subject to frequent and significant changes in physiochemical conditions, and consequently, some undergo high turnover rates (Hammond & Kolasa, 2019; Romanuk & Kolasa, 2002). Many species are rare and occur only occasionally.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregating taxa and the influence of scale: Potential concerns for analysis of stability using functional measures

Kolasa,

Northey,

Shaikh

et al. 2024

Ecosphere

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A functional group approach to analyzing ecological processes calls for aggregating species populations' data (e.g., biomass, abundance) into larger functional units. This method offers a more direct insight into the coarse community and ecosystem dynamics than a species level. Since aggregation changes the scale of analysis, it is reasonable to expect that the results and inferences will also change. To gauge the nature and size of this effect, we examined two sets of communities using the same methodology at taxonomic and functional levels. We asked how asynchrony among constituent populations stabilizes the regional biomass or abundance in two systems: zooplankton in North American temperate lakes and rock pool invertebrates in Jamaica. We aggregated species into pairs by organism size for the functional level analysis because it correlates well with life history traits. We hypothesized that taxonomical and functional level analyses would yield different pictures and inferences. We analyzed asynchrony among local populations, metapopulations, and populations of different species at different locations. We found that in lakes, different asynchrony classes contributed to the stabilization of the regional metric than in the rock pools. We further found that aggregation of taxa into functional units changed the pattern of differences between lakes and rock pools revealed by taxonomical analysis and that each set of communities responded differently to species lumping. While aggregating taxa leads to different results, the taxonomic and functional lenses add new insights to the biological interpretation of mechanisms stabilizing communities when interpreted jointly. Specifically, population asynchrony—a known stabilizing factor—can provide complementary stabilizing mechanisms when seen through taxonomic and functional lenses. Without exposing these modes, inferences about abundance/biomass/richness stabilizing contributions arising from asynchrony will remain tenuous. Exposing these modes offers a path for significant breakthroughs in linking local, spatial, and functional structures to multispecies system dynamics.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregating taxa and the influence of scale: Potential concerns for analysis of stability using functional measures

Kolasa,

Northey,

Shaikh

et al. 2024

Ecosphere

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“…In addition, regional factors are relevant to determine the presence of species in a water body, including the distances among habitats, geographical barriers, and the position of a water body within the metacommunity network (Borthagaray, Berazategui, & Arim, ; Datry, Bonada, & Heino, ). All these factors can modulate the arrival and establishment of new species, which not only influence the species richness found in a certain moment (α‐diversity), but also the temporal replacement of species (β‐diversity) and the cumulative number of species over time (γ‐diversity; Hammond & Kolasa, ; Ruhi, Datry, & Sabo, ). For instance, TW bodies may have low species richness but high temporal species turnover and, consequently, high accumulated diversity (or γ‐diversity).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global meta‐analysis reveals that invertebrate diversity is higher in permanent than in temporary lentic water bodies

et al. 2019

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One of the main constraints affecting invertebrate diversity in many freshwater lentic habitats is the presence of a dry phase which forces aquatic organisms to avoid this period through the migration to other water bodies or the production of resting stages. Field studies show contradictory results when comparing invertebrate diversity in permanent (PW) and temporary lentic waters (TW). Our objective was to test how diversity is influenced by the permanence of water in lentic habitats, and which factors affect the magnitude and direction of this difference, including sampling design. Through a systematic review, 66 publications were selected and classified according to the sampling design (spatial, temporal, and spatio‐temporal datasets). Meta‐analysis of the spatial dataset, which included 70% of the studies, revealed that diversity in PW was higher than in TW, and this difference was not influenced by annual precipitation, dispersal mode, habitat type or level of anthropogenic impact (proximity to urban or agricultural areas). We found a significantly higher effect size (PW greater than TW) when considering species richness rather than cumulative richness or Shannon diversity index, disconnected water bodies (hindering the exchange of individuals through water connection), organisms with passive dispersal (which cannot actively avoid the dry period), and study sites with high anthropogenic impact (where temporary habitats could undergo impacts; e.g. concentration of pollutants and eutrophication). We also found that the differences in diversity between PW and TW may decrease with increasing sampling effort. This result may be attributable to high species turnover due to the higher temporal environmental variation in TW relative to PW. Also, it indicates that sampling effort should be comparatively higher in TW to properly characterize the biodiversity in these environments in order to compare with PW. As global climate continues to change, our results suggest that loss in aquatic invertebrate diversity of TW will be likely to occur in regions where the frequency of drying events increases.

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Short‐Term Grasslands in Agriculture Support Both Natural Enemy and Phytophagous Arthropod Populations

Tsuruda,

Clausen,

Bondar

et al. 2024

J Applied Entomology

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Simplified agricultural land with high chemical input is increasingly replacing natural habitats in many parts of the world. This loss and fragmentation of natural areas may have profound impacts on an array of wildlife, including predatory arthropods that provide natural biocontrol of agricultural pests. There is increasing interest in utilising short‐term seminatural habitat restoration in agricultural systems to support populations of beneficial organisms. We assessed the impact of two types of short‐term set‐asides on the diversity and abundance/activity density of phytophagous and predatory arthropods. We found that flower‐enhanced set‐asides supported higher abundances of both phytophagous and predatory arthropods compared to control crop fields. In addition, we found that both set‐aside types (flower enhanced and traditional) supported a more active and diverse community of beneficial predatory carabid beetles, with particularly strong trends in set‐asides supplemented with flowering plants. These results suggest that small‐scale, temporary, seminatural habitats in agricultural systems provide support for a diverse and abundant community of both beneficial and phytophagous arthropods.

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The Long and Short of Biodiversity: Cumulative Diversity and Its Drivers

Cited by 3 publications

References 57 publications

Aggregating taxa and the influence of scale: Potential concerns for analysis of stability using functional measures

Aggregating taxa and the influence of scale: Potential concerns for analysis of stability using functional measures

Global meta‐analysis reveals that invertebrate diversity is higher in permanent than in temporary lentic water bodies

Short‐Term Grasslands in Agriculture Support Both Natural Enemy and Phytophagous Arthropod Populations

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