The long face syndrome and impairment of the nasopharyngeal airway

Abstract

Experimental evidence suggests that altered muscular function can influence craniofacial morphology. The switch from a nasal to an oronasal breathing pattern includes functional adaptations that include an increase in total anterior face height and vertical development of the lower anterior face. While some animal studies have suggested predictable growth pat­terns may occur, studies in human subjects have been much more controversial. Therefore, individual variations in response should be expected from the alteration of a long face syndrome patient's breathing mode. [Reprinted from The Angle Orthodontist, Fall 1990, vol. 60, pages 167-176]

Correlation between Malocclusion and Allergic Rhinitis in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review

“…Furthermore, the proportions between the posterior and anterior facial heights were statistically lower in mouth breathing children, indicating a proportionally smaller posterior facial height, and higher lower anterior facial height, confirming that mouth breathing children presented clockwise rotation of the mandible, stimulating greater vertical growth of the anterior region of the face with respect to the posterior region [46,58]. Tourné and Chambi et al state that mouth breathing should be considered the principal etiological factor of induced augmented vertical growth [60,61].…”

Breathing mode influence in craniofacial development

“…This fact confirms the evidence that mouth breathing children present clockwise rotation of the mandible stimulating increased vertical growth of the anterior portion of the face relatively to the posterior portion of the face. Tourné 22 (1990) highlighted the hypothesis that mouth breathing should be considered as the major etiological factor of induced excessive vertical growth. Ung 23 et al (1990) reported that mouth breathing, regardless of being analyzed through subjective perception, was associated with increased anterior facial height.…”

A obstrução nasal e o diagnóstico ortodôntico

“…O desenvolvimento da oclusão deve ser con-siderado como o resultado de interações entre fatores de desenvolvimento geneticamente determinados e fatores ambientais, externos e internos, incluindo a função orofacial 6 . Estudos sobre as relações entre padrão funcional e a prevalência das más oclusões refletem um aspecto do relacionamento entre forma e função 7,8 . Dentre as principais causas da obstrução nasal podemos citar: tonsila faríngea hiperplásica (adenóide), rinite alérgica, desvio do septo 8 .…”

“…Estudos sobre as relações entre padrão funcional e a prevalência das más oclusões refletem um aspecto do relacionamento entre forma e função 7,8 . Dentre as principais causas da obstrução nasal podemos citar: tonsila faríngea hiperplásica (adenóide), rinite alérgica, desvio do septo 8 .…”