The long history of environmental migration: Assessing vulnerability construction and obstacles to successful relocation in Shishmaref, Alaska

Marino, Elizabeth

doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.09.016

Cited by 150 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…First, while western scientists usually describe vulnerability to climate change in economic or ecological terms, or occasionally mention deeper effects (as in the Field et al quote above, about identity, or Lynn et al 2013 about tribal first foods), many Indigenous peoples and communities approach the question of how climate change affects them quite differently. They see themselves additionally vulnerable psychologically and existentially, and see climate change as threatening the integrity of their communities' cohesion, or as altering the existential, personal, and intimate (as opposed to metaphorical or consumptive) relationships with the natural world (Maldonado 2012;Maldonado et al 2013;Marino 2012;Willox 2012;Willox et al 2011;LaDuke 2017;Whyte et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indian time: time, seasonality, and culture in Traditional Ecological Knowledge of climate change

et al. 2018

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Introduction: Western climate science and Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) represent complementary and overlapping views of the causes and consequences of change. In particular, observations of changes in abundance, distribution, phenology, or behavior of the natural environment (including plants and animals) can have a rich cultural and spiritual interpretation in Indigenous communities that may not be present in western science epistemologies.Results: Using interviews with Indigenous elders and other Traditional Knowledge holders, we demonstrate that assumptions about the nature, perception, and utilization of time and timing can differ across knowledge systems in regard to climate change. Conclusions: Our interviewees' focus on relationality predisposes them to notice interactional changes among humans and other species, to be sensitive to smaller scale examples of change, to be more likely to see climate change as part of a broader time scale, and to link changes to a greater suite of socio-political phenomena, including the long arc of colonialism. One implication of this research and the interactions among humans and other species is that policies restricting Native and non-Native access to resources (i.e., hunting and fishing) to certain calendar seasons may need to be revisited in a changing climate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indian time: time, seasonality, and culture in Traditional Ecological Knowledge of climate change

et al. 2018

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“…It is at the center of animal migration routes and is also the center of a complex food-distribution system based in subsistence hunting practices (Marino, 2012). It is highly vulnerable to erosion, which has been exacerbated by declining sea ice cover protecting the coastline (Barnhart et al, 2014).…”

Section: Communities Examined In This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of a lengthening open water season on Alaskan coastal communities: deriving locally relevant indices from large-scale datasets and community observations

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Using thresholds of physical climate variables developed from community observations, together with two large-scale datasets, we have produced local indices directly relevant to the impacts of a reduced sea ice cover on Alaska coastal communities. The indices include the number of "false freeze-ups" defined by transient exceedances of ice concentration prior to a corresponding exceedance that persists, "false break-ups", timing of freeze-up and break-up, length of the open water duration, number of days when the winds preclude hunting via boat (wind speed threshold exceedances), the number of wind events conducive to geomorphological work or damage to infrastructure from ocean waves, and the number of these wind events with onand along-shore components promoting water setup along the coastline. We demonstrate how community observations can inform use of large-scale datasets to derive these locally relevant indices.

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“…In many circumstances, flood victims wish to remain in their homes despite the high flood risk, due to fear of the unknown. A study in the USA found that while 190 households accepted the relocation offer, 47 rejected it [22]. However, often the constant fear of reoccurring flooding can become too stressful, leaving migration as the only alternative.…”

Section: Migration and Displacementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study in Alaska identified that the main obstacle to migration was government funding, as the cost of relocating the village was too high [22]. In addition, home owners are not always offered what they consider the true value of their property, leading to added stress when deciding whether to agree to government resettlement [15].…”

Section: Migration and Displacementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The long-term health impacts of repeated flood events

Stephenson

Vaganay

Cameron

et al. 2014

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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During the past 30 years, floods have resulted in over 200,000 fatalities and affected more than 2.8 billion others worldwide. Flood victims are vulnerable to long-term physical and psychological health effects, which persist for an undefined time period in the aftermath of a flood event. Following a flood event, secondary stressors, which are indirectly related to the event, can potentially prolong and intensify the health impacts on affected individuals and communities. These secondary stressors consist of economic stressors, including loss of income, but also social stressors such as isolation due to prolonged flooding. A significant gap in the research to date is in relation to repeated flooding and its impact on the extent to which individuals are affected by these secondary stressors. This review examined studies focusing on repeated flooding, concentrating on the secondary stressors resulting from repeated flood events. It also considered the awareness, preparedness and resilience of the study populations in order to determine the potential for these communities to be impacted by secondary stressors. This review indicated that both rural and urban communities in developed and developing countries are significantly affected by economic, social and psychological secondary stressors. The majority of communities do have a basic awareness of flood risk; however, many residents do not take flood risk seriously and thus take little preventative action. Community resilience was higher in urban and rural areas in developing countries, but also in rural areas in developed countries. Future work should take into consideration the secondary stressors that affect different communities and how to minimise their impact in order to increase resilience.

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The long history of environmental migration: Assessing vulnerability construction and obstacles to successful relocation in Shishmaref, Alaska

Cited by 150 publications

References 30 publications

Indian time: time, seasonality, and culture in Traditional Ecological Knowledge of climate change

Indian time: time, seasonality, and culture in Traditional Ecological Knowledge of climate change

Impacts of a lengthening open water season on Alaskan coastal communities: deriving locally relevant indices from large-scale datasets and community observations

The long-term health impacts of repeated flood events

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