The long non‐coding RNAs MHRT,FENDRR and CARMEN, their expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with essential hypertension and their relation to heart hypertrophy

Abstract

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the modulation of cardiac hypertrophy, and they represent potential therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease. We investigated the expression profiles of selected lncRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with essential hypertension in relation to left ventricular hypertrophy. We assessed the expression levels of the lncRNAs MHRT, FENDRR and CARMEN using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Hypertensive patients showed significantly higher MHRT, FENDRR and CARMEN expression levels compared with healthy controls. In addition, we observed significant negative correlations of MHRT (r = -0.323, P = 0.003) and FENDRR (r = -0.380, P = 0.001) and a positive correlation of CARMEN (r = 0.458, P < 0.001) expression levels with left ventricular mass index. Our data reveal that the lncRNAs MHRT, FENDRR and CARMEN show distinct expression profiles in hypertensive patients and they possibly represent candidate therapeutic targets in hypertensive heart disease.

Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in Cardiovascular Disease Complication of Type 2 Diabetes

“…Interestingly, in this study [ 179 ], the expression of ZFAS1 was opposite to another lncRNA, Cdr1 antisense ( CDR1AS ), in which its expression was increased in AMI patients with a similar diagnostic potential (AUC: 0.671). As for detecting hypertension or cardiac hypertrophy, expression of three lncRNAs, MHRT , FENDRR and CARMEN was higher in PBMC samples of hypertensive patients, though no diagnostic potential was measured in this study [ 191 ].…”

Long Non-Coding RNA FENDRR: Gene Structure, Expression, and Biological Relevance

“…However, FENDRR's role in cardiovascular development in humans is unknown. FENDRR was suggested to have cardio-protective role based on negative correlation of its levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells with left ventricular mass index in hypertensive patients [85].…”

Noncoding RNAs in exercise-induced cardio-protection for chronic heart failure

“…However, since no human homolog has been identified, the value of Bvht may be lower than expected. Two other lncRNAs, cardiac mesoderm enhancer-associated noncoding RNA (Carmen) and fetal-lethal non-coding developmental regulatory RNA (Fendrr), were reported to regulate cardiac differentiation by modifying the chromatin structure of related genes through interacting with polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) [34,35]. Recently, Kontaraki and colleagues discovered significantly higher expression levels of Carmen, Fendrr and Mhrt in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of hypertensive patients than in healthy controls, and Carmen was revealed to have a positive correlation with left ventricular mass index, while Fendrr and Mhrt had a negative correlation with hypertrophy [35].…”

“…Two other lncRNAs, cardiac mesoderm enhancer-associated noncoding RNA (Carmen) and fetal-lethal non-coding developmental regulatory RNA (Fendrr), were reported to regulate cardiac differentiation by modifying the chromatin structure of related genes through interacting with polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) [34,35]. Recently, Kontaraki and colleagues discovered significantly higher expression levels of Carmen, Fendrr and Mhrt in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of hypertensive patients than in healthy controls, and Carmen was revealed to have a positive correlation with left ventricular mass index, while Fendrr and Mhrt had a negative correlation with hypertrophy [35]. Moreover, cardiac hypertrophy-associated transcript (Chast) and cardiac hypertrophy-associated epigenetic regulator (Chaer) were also demonstrated to promote TAC-induced pathological hypertrophy by impeding autophagy and modifying epigenetic changes of hypertrophic genes respectively [36,37].…”