The long-range transport of aerosols from northern China to Hong Kong – a multi-technique study

Fang, Ming; Zheng, Mei; Wang, Fan; Chim, Kwok-Chi; Kot, S. C.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(98)00318-5

Cited by 119 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…[5][6][7][8] Organic carbon (OC) has been widely reported 9 -11 to be a major component (over 40%) of fine suspended particles. Since the 1990s, studies have been carried out to identify and quantify the individual components of solvent extractable organic compounds (SEOC) in total suspended particulate (TSP), [12][13][14][15][16][17] PM 10 (particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 m), 18 -21 and PM 2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 m). 22 Studies on the SEOC content and molecular markers in aerosols collected in China started in the early 1990s, as reported by Simoneit et al 12 Fang et al 13 first reported the content of SEOC in TSP samples collected in Hong Kong during the winter months of 1993.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Spatial Variation of Solvent Extractable Organic Compounds in Fine Suspended Particulate Matter in Hong Kong

Sin¹,

Fung²,

Choi³

et al. 2005

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The results of a 12-month study of more than 100 solvent extractable organic compounds (SEOC) in particulate matter (PM) less than or equal to 2.5 m (PM 2.5 ) collected at three air monitoring stations located at roadside, urban, and rural sites in Hong Kong are reported. The total yield of SEOC that accounts for ϳ8 -18% of organic carbon (summer/winter differences) were observed with higher concentrations of the total and each class of SEOC in the winter and lower concentrations in the summer. Spatial variations are also obvious, with the roadside samples having the highest concentrations of SEOC and the rural samples having the lowest concentrations in all seasons. Characteristic ratios of petroleum hydrocarbons, such as carbon preference index, unresolved to resolved components, and carbon number with maximum concentration, suggest that PM 2.5 carbon in Hong Kong originates from both biogenic and anthropogenic sources. The proportion of SEOC in PM 2.5 from anthropogenic sources is estimated. INTRODUCTIONRecent concern about the health effects of air pollution has focused on suspended particulate matter or aerosols. Several studies 1-4 reveal links between the concentrations of suspended particulate concentrations and the mortality and morbidity of the exposed population. There has been some evidence that fine PM has greater impact on human health than do the coarser fractions. 5-8 Organic carbon (OC) has been widely reported 9 -11 to be a major component (over 40%) of fine suspended particles. Since the 1990s, studies have been carried out to identify and quantify the individual components of solvent extractable organic compounds (SEOC) in total suspended particulate (TSP), 12-17 PM 10 (particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 m), 18 -21 and PM 2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 m). 22 Studies on the SEOC content and molecular markers in aerosols collected in China started in the early 1990s, as reported by Simoneit et al. 12 Fang et al. 13 first reported the content of SEOC in TSP samples collected in Hong Kong during the winter months of 1993. A study of the monthly average SEOC in PM 2.5 collected from the campus of the Hong

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Spatial Variation of Solvent Extractable Organic Compounds in Fine Suspended Particulate Matter in Hong Kong

Sin¹,

Fung²,

Choi³

et al. 2005

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…4, 5 Under certain weather conditions, wind-blown dust has travelled south towards Taiwan, 6 and with a prevailing easterly wind, such dust clouds can subsequently reach Hong Kong. 7 Occasionally, dust storms may even travel across the Pacific Ocean to North America. 8 Dust particles vary greatly in size.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Dust Storm Events on Daily Emergency Admissions for Cardiovascular Diseases

Tam

Wong

2012

Circ J

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Background: Dust storm is a meteorological phenomenon and dust particles have been suspected as harmful to heart and lungs. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between coarse particles and emergency hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in Hong Kong. Methods and Results:Data on mean daily emergency admissions for CVD to major hospitals in Hong Kong, concentrations of air pollutants and meteorological variables from January 1998 to December 2002 were obtained from several government departments. We identified 5 dust storm days during the study period. Independent t-tests were used to compare the mean daily number of admissions on dust storm and non-dust storm days. Case-crossover analysis, using the Poisson regression, was used to examine the effects of coarse particles' concentration on emergency hospital admissions for CVD. A marginally significant increase in emergency hospital admissions for ischemic heart disease (IHD) was found with RR=1.04 (95% confidence interval: 1.00, 1.08) per 10 μg/m 3 increase in the concentration of coarse particles. Conclusions:This study demonstrated a marginally significant increase in emergency hospital admissions for IHD on the day of dust storm events in Hong Kong, when the levels of coarse particles were very high. Further studies are required to assess the role of coarse particles on cardiac health. (Circ J 2012; 76: 655 - 660)

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“…The other possible source of plant wax is the Maipo Wetland. If long-distance transport were a factor, even more vascular plant wax contribution would be observed in the samples (Fang et al, 1999).…”

Section: Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 97%

An Upwind/Downwind Comparative Study of the Solvent Extractable Organic Compounds in PM2.5 in Hong Kong

Guo

Zheng

et al. 2004

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Seven sets of samples that were taken from sites upwind and downwind of Hong Kong during the summer and winter seasons were analyzed. The solvent extractable organic compounds (SEOC) were separated into four major fractions (n-alkanes, fatty acids, alkanols and (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]) and identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Five different wind directions were detected during the two seasons: southwest, southeast, east, east-northeast and northeast. At one extreme, the southwest wind brought clean aerosols from the South China Sea to Hong Kong, diluting the urban aerosols, and the anthropogenic contribution was found to be fresh and local. At the other extreme, when the northeast wind prevailed, there was a significant increase (10-14 times) in the total SEOC yield and the characteristics of the aerosols indicated a greater impact from outside Hong Kong (i.e., more PAHs, plant wax contribution, and lower C 18:1 /C 18:0 ratios), suggesting the presence of aged aerosols. In the samples taken during prevailing east-northeast winds in November, the loading was low and bore resemblance to the summer samples. In addition, there were changes in the characteristics of the aerosols, such as an increased plant wax contribution in the fatty acid and alkanol fractions, signifying a change in season.The characteristics and loading of the PM2.5 at the downwind site were found to be significantly influenced by the accumulation of locally emitted air pollutants due to no wind conditions and the transport of long-distance (from surrounding regions) and short-distance (within Hong Kong) plumes.

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The long-range transport of aerosols from northern China to Hong Kong – a multi-technique study

Cited by 119 publications

References 30 publications

Seasonal and Spatial Variation of Solvent Extractable Organic Compounds in Fine Suspended Particulate Matter in Hong Kong

Seasonal and Spatial Variation of Solvent Extractable Organic Compounds in Fine Suspended Particulate Matter in Hong Kong

Effect of Dust Storm Events on Daily Emergency Admissions for Cardiovascular Diseases

An Upwind/Downwind Comparative Study of the Solvent Extractable Organic Compounds in PM2.5 in Hong Kong

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