The long-term effects of civil conflicts on education, earnings, and fertility: Evidence from Cambodia

Religious prohibition and sacrifice: evidence from the Amish restriction on high school education

“…Similarly, the implied effect of education on fertility is also large: a 1-year decrease in completed years of schooling predicts 0.91 more births. Past studies estimated that the causal rates of return to an additional year of schooling range between 7% and 20% [Angrist and Krueger (1991), Card (1999), Islam et al (2016)]. The estimated rates of return to education of the Amish presented in Table 11 are greater than most estimates previously reported.…”

Female parliamentarism and genuine savings: A cross‐country test

“…schooling (Islam, Ouch, Smyth, & Wang, 2016). Therefore, the potential problem of endogeneity may bias our baseline results.…”

SDG progress

“…Crisis undermines the educational opportunities of children caught in crisis, whether they stay in areas of conflict or flee for their survival. Inadequate educational opportunities, in turn, not only deprive young people of their right to and the benefits of an education, but also raise exposure to early marriage, forced recruitment and survival sex (UNHCR, 2017), and can have long-term effects on health, labour productivity and economic development (Justino, 2011;Islam et al, 2015). Schools themselves may be destroyed, rendered unsafe or overwhelmed, while reduced spending, limited mobility and the health and psychosocial impacts of crisis also compromise learning.…”

“…The explosive growth of a number of cities around the world -from Bogotá to Khartoum, Karachi to Monrovia -is significantly driven by influxes of refugees, returnees and/or IDPs (Crisp et al, 2012). And massive refugee influxes can pose sizeable challenges for humanitarian actors and for city authorities in terms of providing public service access, ensuring the safety of these new inhabitants and fostering social cohesion (IRC, 2018d).…”