The long‐term effects of institutional rearing, foster care intervention and disruptions in care on brain electrical activity in adolescence

Debnath, Ranjan; Tang, Alva; Zeanah, Charles H.; Nelson, Charles A.; Fox, Nathan A.

doi:10.1111/desc.12872

Cited by 61 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The trajectory of the brain development is largely genetically determined, but at the same time, environmental factors can influence this process. For example, children brought up in boarding schools are characterized by a higher power of slow-wave EEG activity [17][18][19][20]. A similar pattern was observed in children living in families with a low socio-eco-nomic status, which are characterized by poor nutrition or unsanitary living conditions [21; 22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Electroencephalographic Monitoring of the Brain Functional Condition in Modern Ukranian Schoolchildren

2020

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The aim: To monitor the brain functional state of generally healthy Ukrainian schoolchildren according to computer electroencephalography (EEG). Materials and methods: EEG examination of 125 practically healthy (according to medical records) schoolchildren of both sexes, which were divided into 3 age groups: 1) 8–12 years old (n = 49); 2) 13–16 years old (n = 42); 3) 17–18 years old (n = 34). EEG was recorded at rest with eyes closed and during functional tests (eye opening, hyperventilation). Visual and spectral analyzes of the EEG were carried out, types of EEG were determined according to A.E. Zhirmunskaya. (1991) in the adaptation of N.L. Gorbachevskaya et al. (1999). Results: The peak frequency of alpha activity is in the range of 9 to 11.5 Hz, with a tendency to increase as you grow older. A disorganized type of EEG with a predominance of alpha activity dominates with an organized type of EEG. For most schoolchildren, normal EEG reactivity predominates in response to functional tests. The detection rate of short fragments of pathological activity in the background did not exceed 8%, but increased to 20% with hyperventilation. Conclusions: Only a third of modern Ukrainian schoolchildren classified as “healthy” have a physiological type of EEG, which indicates the optimal functional state of the brain. The remaining part of generally healthy schoolchildren have EEG changes, which reflect initial functional disorders mainly at the level of nonspecific structures and the brain stem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Electroencephalographic Monitoring of the Brain Functional Condition in Modern Ukranian Schoolchildren

2020

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“…It is also important to point out, however, an alternative interpretation and explanation of the present findings. As noted earlier, given that adverse early experiences are known to shape brain development (Debnath et al, ; Marshall, Fox, & the BEIP Core Group, ; Marshall et al, ; McLaughlin et al, ; Miskovic, Schmidt, Boyle, et al, ), it is highly plausible that the experiences of shy children may shape their brain development resulting in a lower ADR score as much as delayed brain maturation/development may shape the development of shyness. Indeed, in our earlier study (Schmidt & Poole, ), we reported that children's shyness predicted the prospective development of frontal brain activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The ability to regulate emotions such as fear and interest is known to be dependent on the development of the frontal cortex (Fox, ; Posner & Rothbart, ; Schore, ). Moreover, there is a large and rich body of literature that has shown that delays and reductions in frontal brain maturation are linked to a number of behavioral, emotional, and developmental problems in children (Bauer & Hesselbrock, ; Passler, Isaac, & Hynd, ; Zilbovicius et al, ) and also associated with adverse early experiences (Debnath, Tang, Zeanah, Nelson, & Fox, ; Marshall, Fox, & the BEIP Core Group, ; Marshall, Reeb, Fox, Nelson, & Zeanah, ; McLaughlin et al, ; Miskovic, Schmidt, Boyle, & Saigal, ). We know, however, relatively little about the maturation of the frontal cortex in the origins and maintenance of normal variations of children's shyness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal brain maturation and the stability of children’s shyness

Poole

2019

Developmental Psychobiology

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Recent evidence suggests that relative to nonshy children, shy children exhibit a lower overall frontal EEG alpha/delta ratio (ADR) during middle childhood, possibly reflecting relatively less frontal brain maturation at this age. We examined this same ADR measure in relation to the stability of observed shyness and parent‐reported child social anxiety measured across two laboratory visits separated by approximately 1 year during late childhood in 51 children (33% female, age range 10–16 years). We found that the overall frontal ADR score was significantly lower among children with high, stable observed shyness and parent‐reported child social anxiety compared to children in the low, stable class. Findings provide convergent evidence suggesting that the stability of shyness in late childhood may be linked to relatively less overall frontal brain maturation at this age. We speculate on the adaptive function of delaying frontal brain maturation in the origins and maintenance of children's shyness.

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“…problem solving, accepting responsibility, self-control, social support) help to reduce stress in older adolescents compared to younger adolescents (Al-Bahrani, Aldhafri, Alkharusi, Kazem, & Alzubiadi, 2013; Alumran & Punamäki, 2008; Plancherel, Bolognini, & Halfon, 1998). In addition, the delayed development across multiple domains of functioning (Almas et al, 2015; Debnath, Tang, Zeanah, Nelson, & Fox, 2019; Wade, Fox, Zeanah, & Nelson, 2019a) and blunted stress physiology (McLaughlin et al, 2015) reported in the CAUG may underlie an increased vulnerability to stressors and inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prospective association between stressful life events and inflammation among adolescents with a history of early institutional rearing

et al. 2020

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Early adversity has been shown to sensitize individuals to the effects of later stress and enhance risk of psychopathology. Using a longitudinal randomized trial of foster care as an alternative to institutional care, we extend the stress sensitization hypothesis to examine whether early institutional rearing sensitizes individuals to stressful events in adolescence engendering chronic low-grade inflammation. At baseline, institutionalized children in Romania (ages 6–31 months) were randomly assigned to foster care or to remain in usual care within institutions. A group of never-institutionalized children was recruited as an in-country comparison sample. At ages 12 and 16, participants reported stressful events. At age 16, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were derived from blood spots. Among children assigned to care as usual, more stressful events at age 12, but not age 16, were associated with higher IL-6. In the same group, stressful events at age 16 were associated with higher CRP, though these effects attenuated after adjusting for covariates. These associations were not observed in the foster care or never-institutionalized groups. The findings suggest that heightened inflammation following stress exposure is one pathway through which early neglect could compromise physical health. In contrast, early family care might buffer against these risks.

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The long‐term effects of institutional rearing, foster care intervention and disruptions in care on brain electrical activity in adolescence

Cited by 61 publications

References 48 publications

Electroencephalographic Monitoring of the Brain Functional Condition in Modern Ukranian Schoolchildren

Electroencephalographic Monitoring of the Brain Functional Condition in Modern Ukranian Schoolchildren

Frontal brain maturation and the stability of children’s shyness

The prospective association between stressful life events and inflammation among adolescents with a history of early institutional rearing

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