The long-term failure mechanisms of alkali-activated slag mortar exposed to wet-dry cycles of sodium sulphate

Li, Qing; Li, Xinyuan; Yang, Kai; Zhu, Xiaohong; Gevaudan, Juan Pablo; Yang, Chen; Basheer, Pam

doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103893

Cited by 39 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Moreover, the control mix continued to follow the same behaviour until the end of the test. Such behaviour was inconsistent with that reported by Li et al [33], the mass loss only initiated after around 120 cycles. By calculating the percentage of increase of the mass of mixes between 10-80 cycles, the results showed that the mass gain was higher in R8 mix compared to the control and R7 mixes.…”

Section: Mass Changecontrasting

confidence: 99%

Impact Resistance and Sodium Sulphate Attack Testing of Concrete Incorporating Mixed Types of Recycled Plastic Waste

et al. 2021

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Impact resistance, water transport properties and sodium sulphate attack are important criteria to determine the performance of concrete incorporating mixed types of recycled plastic waste. Nine mixes were designed with different combinations of the three plastic types; Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), High density polyethylene (HDPE) and Polypropylene (PP). The plastic partially substituted the coarse aggregate (by volume) at various replacement ratios; 10%, 15%, 20% and 30%. The impact resistance and water transport properties were evaluated for nine mixes while sodium sulphate attack test was performed for three mixes. The results showed that the addition of mixed recycled plastic in concrete improved the impact resistance. The highest impact resistance improvement was achieved by R8 (PET + HDPE + PP) at 30% replacement which was 4.5 times better than the control mix. Water absorption results indicated a slight increase in all plastic mixes while contradictory results were observed for sorptivity test. Analysis of sodium sulphate attack results showed that incorporating 30% mixed plastic reduced the sodium sulphate resistance slightly due to the collective effect of plastic entrapping of sulphate ions after 80 cycles. This study has shown some positive results relating to the impact performance of Mixed Recycled Plastic Concrete (MRPC) which enhances its use in a sustainable way.

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Section: Mass Changecontrasting

confidence: 99%

Impact Resistance and Sodium Sulphate Attack Testing of Concrete Incorporating Mixed Types of Recycled Plastic Waste

et al. 2021

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“…For this reason, the addition of sodium sulfate may lead to an increase of pH in the pore solution. The increased alkalinity (pH) in the pore solution then could promote the continued reaction of slag, which has already been observed in alkali‐activated slag cement during the sodium sulfate attack in the literature 18,63 . Although the pH is higher than the pH range (9–13.4) in which ettringite is reported to be stable, 64 ettringite is still predicted to form as shown in Figure 2B.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…The increased alkalinity (pH) in the pore solution then could promote the continued reaction of slag, which has already been observed in alkali-activated slag cement during the sodium sulfate attack in the literature. 18,63 Although the pH is higher than the pH range (9-13.4) in which ettringite is reported to be stable, 64 ettringite is still predicted to form as shown in Figure 2B. This is most likely associated with the high sulfate content that can stabilize ettringite at high alkalinity.…”

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 96%

Thermodynamic modeling of the phase evolution in alkali‐activated slag cements with sulfate salt exposure

Zuo

2022

J Am Ceram Soc.

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The phase evolutions in sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate-activated slag cements upon sulfate salt attack were investigated via thermodynamic modeling.The effects of different sulfate salts (i.e., Na 2 SO 4 and MgSO 4 ) and slag compositions were studied. In thermodynamic modeling, a solid solution model, that is, MgAl-SO 4 -LDH_ss, was proposed to describe the sulfate-intercalated hydrotalcite. The modeling results were presented and discussed in comparison with experimental observations. Upon sulfate salt attack, ettringite, gypsum, sulfateintercalated hydrotalcite, magnesium silicate hydrate, and so on were predicted to form. By quantitatively evaluating the composition change of C-(N-)A-S-H gel, solid phase expansion, and alteration in pore solution chemistry, it was found that magnesium sulfate induced severer degradation of alkali-activated slag cements compared to sodium sulfate. Upon sulfate salt attack with a fixed sulfate concentration, the ideal outcome shows that the slag with lower Al 2 O 3 content not only gave a larger content of C-(N-)A-S-H gel but also caused the reduced decalcification and dealumination of C-(N-)A-S-H gel and solid phase expansion.

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“…. 40 XPS analysis was conducted on the samples to determine the valence states of the elements in the material. As shown in Figures 1e and S2 41 This indicates that the substitution of anionic groups with different oxidation states within the same structural framework does not alter the valence state of the iron.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anionic Group Doping of Na₄Fe₃(PO₄)₂P₂O₇ Stabilizes Its Structure and Improves Electrochemical Performance for Sodium Ion Storage

Liu,

Li,

Zhang

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The long-term failure mechanisms of alkali-activated slag mortar exposed to wet-dry cycles of sodium sulphate

Cited by 39 publications

References 60 publications

Impact Resistance and Sodium Sulphate Attack Testing of Concrete Incorporating Mixed Types of Recycled Plastic Waste

Impact Resistance and Sodium Sulphate Attack Testing of Concrete Incorporating Mixed Types of Recycled Plastic Waste

Thermodynamic modeling of the phase evolution in alkali‐activated slag cements with sulfate salt exposure

Anionic Group Doping of Na₄Fe₃(PO₄)₂P₂O₇ Stabilizes Its Structure and Improves Electrochemical Performance for Sodium Ion Storage

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The long-term failure mechanisms of alkali-activated slag mortar exposed to wet-dry cycles of sodium sulphate

Cited by 39 publications

References 60 publications

Impact Resistance and Sodium Sulphate Attack Testing of Concrete Incorporating Mixed Types of Recycled Plastic Waste

Impact Resistance and Sodium Sulphate Attack Testing of Concrete Incorporating Mixed Types of Recycled Plastic Waste

Thermodynamic modeling of the phase evolution in alkali‐activated slag cements with sulfate salt exposure

Anionic Group Doping of Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 Stabilizes Its Structure and Improves Electrochemical Performance for Sodium Ion Storage

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Anionic Group Doping of Na₄Fe₃(PO₄)₂P₂O₇ Stabilizes Its Structure and Improves Electrochemical Performance for Sodium Ion Storage