The long‐term health effects of initiating smoking in adolescence: Evidence from a national longitudinal survey

Amialchuk, Aliaksandr; Sapci, Onur

doi:10.1002/hec.4469

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…Tobacco use is one of the largest causes of preventable deaths, killing 8.7 million people each year and causing tens of millions more to develop preventable disease ( 1 ). Based on data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) conducted in 2010–18, the prevalence of cigarette smoking was 11.3% in boys and 6.1% in girls aged 13–15 years ( 2 ), with a large proportion of adolescents who smoke for the first time at a young age becoming regular smokers ( 3 , 4 ). Smoking early in life is particularly hazardous to health as the neurotoxic effect of tobacco smoke is most pronounced ( 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The health impacts of starting smoking in adolescence do not seem to be contained to that age period. For example, initiating smoking in adolescence can lead to a number of health problems measured 20 years later in adulthood, such as high blood pressure, shortness of breath, and a racing heart ( 4 ). The age of initiation in childhood and adolescence also seems to matter, as starting to smoke before age 15 years approximately doubles the risk of premature death in adulthood, with starting to smoke before age 10 years almost three times the excess risk of starting to smoke at age 15 years or older ( 8 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proportion and trend in the age of cigarette smoking initiation among adolescent smoking experiencers aged 13–15 years in 148 countries/territories

Xing

Zhao

Magnussen

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundLimited studies have assessed the recent proportion and trend in the age of cigarette smoking initiation among adolescent smoking experiencers globally. We aimed to assess the recent global proportion, associated factors and the long-term trend of the initiated age of cigarette smoking among adolescent smoking experiencers.MethodsWe used data from the most recent Global Youth Tobacco Survey on 99,728 adolescent smoking experiencers aged 13–15 years from 144 countries/territories (hereafter “countries”) that had conducted at least one survey in 2010–20, to assess the recent proportion of the age of cigarette smoking initiation. Additionally, we used data from 148 countries that had conducted ≥2 surveys between 1999 and 2020, to assess the trend in the average age of cigarette smoking initiation.ResultsAmong 99,728 adolescent smoking experiencers aged 13–15 years, the proportions of initiating cigarette smoking when aged ≤ 9 years, 10–11 years, 12–13 years, and 14–15 years were 22.8% (95%CI 21.3–24.4), 18.8% (17.3–20.2), 36.8% (34.5–39.2), and 21.6% (19.9–23.2), respectively. The average age of cigarette smoking initiation decreased by 0.44 years per 5 calendar-years averagely in 17 (11.5%) of 148 countries, was unchanged in 95 (64.2%) countries, and increased by 0.38 years per 5 calendar-years averagely in 36 (24.3%) countries. Higher income category (reference group: low-income countries; lower-middle-income: OR = 0.44, 95%CI = 0.28–0.70; upper-middle-income: OR = 0.56, 95%CI = 0.38–0.83; high-income: OR = 0.35, 95%CI = 0.22–0.53) and Framework Convention on Tobacco Control ratification (OR = 0.51, 95%CI = 0.42–0.63) were inversely associated with early cigarette smoking initiation.ConclusionsA substantial proportion (~80%) of adolescent smoking experiencers aged 13–15 years initiated cigarette smoking before 13 years, and the average age of cigarette smoking initiation decreased or remained unchanged in nearly three quarters of the countries surveyed. These findings emphasize that national governments around the world need to strengthen intervention strategies and measures aimed at children and adolescents to prevent smoking up-take.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proportion and trend in the age of cigarette smoking initiation among adolescent smoking experiencers aged 13–15 years in 148 countries/territories

Xing

Zhao

Magnussen

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…Initiating smoking during the adolescent years has widespread negative long-term health effects [ 24 ], and smoking cessation remains a public health priority. Our results show that there is no persistent negative effect on birth weight related to smoking in late adolescence if terminated before the start of pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of BMI and smoking in adolescence and at the start of pregnancy on birth weight

Bramsved

Mårild

Bygdell

et al. 2023

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background Birth weight is an indicator of intra-uterine conditions but also a determinant for future health. The importance of preconception health for a healthy birth weight has been emphasized, but evidence is lacking on how modifiable factors in adolescence, such as body mass index (BMI) and smoking, affect future pregnancy outcome. We evaluated associations between BMI and smoking in adolescence and at the start of pregnancy and birth weight of the first-born child. Methods This longitudinal study included 1256 mothers, born 1962–1992, and their first-born children, born between 1982–2016. Self-reported questionnaire information on weight, height and smoking at age 19 was cross-linked with national register data obtained at the start of pregnancy and with the birth weights of the children. Univariable and multivariable linear regressions were performed to determine the impact of maternal factors at 19 years of age and at the start of the pregnancy respectively, and the importance of BMI status at these points of time for the birth weight of the first child. Results BMI and smoking at the start of the pregnancy displayed strong associations with birth weight in a multivariable analysis, BMI with a positive association of 14.9 g per BMI unit (95% CI 6.0; 23.8 p = 0.001) and smoking with a negative association of 180.5 g (95% CI -275.7; -85.4) p = 0.0002). Smoking and BMI at 19 years of age did not show this association. Maternal birth weight showed significant associations in models at both time-points. Becoming overweight between age 19 and the start of the pregnancy was associated with a significantly higher birth weight (144.6 (95% CI 70.7;218.5) p = 0.0002) compared to mothers with normal weight at both time points. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the time period between adolescence and first pregnancy could be a window of opportunity for targeted health promotion to prevent intergenerational transmission of obesity.

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The long-term effects of marijuana use on mental health outcomes

Amialchuk,

Ali

2023

Rev Econ Household

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The long‐term health effects of initiating smoking in adolescence: Evidence from a national longitudinal survey

Cited by 3 publications

References 84 publications

Proportion and trend in the age of cigarette smoking initiation among adolescent smoking experiencers aged 13–15 years in 148 countries/territories

Proportion and trend in the age of cigarette smoking initiation among adolescent smoking experiencers aged 13–15 years in 148 countries/territories

Impact of BMI and smoking in adolescence and at the start of pregnancy on birth weight

The long-term effects of marijuana use on mental health outcomes

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