“…Such a scheme serves as an effective tool for encouraging individuals to change their consumption behavior in a way that will benefit the environment by providing carbon emissions information on products and services (Young et al, 2010;Liu et al, 2016). As carbon reduction labeling schemes are still in their infancy in various countries such as the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Japan (Tan et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2016), well-designed governmental policies are crucial to promote low-carbon development (Cohen and Vandenbergh, 2012;Kanada et al, 2013). However, previous studies have focused on carbon labeling scheme design to improve the transparency of current standards (Guenther et al, 2012;Zhao et al, 2012a;Garcia and Freire, 2014;Wu et al, 2014), enhance consumers' perceptions (Bleda and Valente, 2009;Upham et al, 2011;Sharp and Wheeler, 2013;Hartikainen et al, 2014), and eliminate a non-tariff barrier during international trade (Plassmann et al, 2010;Vranes, 2010;Cohen and Vandenbergh, 2012;Liu et al, 2016).…”