The loss of function of HEL, which encodes a cellulose synthase interactive protein, causes helical and vine-like growth of tomato

Yang, Qing; Wan, Xiaoshuai; Wang, Jiaying; Zhang, Yuyang; Zhang, Junhong; Wang, Taotao; Yang, Changxian; Ye, Zhibiao

doi:10.1038/s41438-020-00402-0

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Although CSI1 could have other functions than guidance, our work suggests that CSI1 contributes to growth coordination by translating cell polarity into growth direction, through CESA guidance by microtubules. Whereas we did not observe any twisting phenotype in sepal, csi1 mutation leads to twisting of other organs such as the leaf 49,50 , hypocotyl or shoot 51 . Instead, csi1 sepal featured snakey cells.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

Spatial consistency of cell growth direction during organ morphogenesis requires CELLULOSE-SYNTHASE INTERACTIVE1

Mollier

Skrzydeł

Borowska-Wykręt

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Extracellular matrices generally contain fibril-like polymers that may be organized in parallel arrays. Although their role in morphogenesis has been recognized, it is still unclear how the subcellular control of fibril synthesis translates into well-defined organ shape. Here, we addressed this question using the Arabidopsis sepal as a model organ. In plants, cell growth is driven by turgor pressure and restrained by the extracellular matrix known as the cell wall. Cellulose is the main load-bearing component of the plant cell wall and cellulose microfibrils are thought to channel growth perpendicularly to their main orientation. We investigated the role of the guidance of cellulose synthesis by CELLULOSE SYNTHASE INTERACTIVE 1 (CSI1) in sepal morphogenesis. We observed that sepals are shorter in csi1 mutants, although the newest cellulose microfibrils are more aligned in csi1. Surprisingly, cell growth anisotropy was similar in csi1 and wild-type plants. We resolved this apparent paradox using polarized Raman microspectroscopy and live imaging of growing sepals. We found that CSI1 is required for spatial consistency of growth direction across the sepal and for the maintenance of overall organ elongation. We confirmed our conclusions at sepal scale, notably using bespoke mechanical assays. Our work illustrates how the subcellular regulation of the extracellular matrix may control morphogenesis at multiple scales.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

Spatial consistency of cell growth direction during organ morphogenesis requires CELLULOSE-SYNTHASE INTERACTIVE1

Mollier

Skrzydeł

Borowska-Wykręt

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The study found that the two dwarf Trifolium varieties were controlled by one and two recessive genes, respectively. Recessive genes also control the lefthanded helix of tomato stems (Yang et al, 2020). However, Lin et al (2007) studies the phenotypic statistics of the progenies obtained from a cross of twisty Salix matsudana with wild-type plants and concluded that the twisty phenotype is controlled by a dominant gene.…”

Section: Inheritance Of Trunk Twistingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cellulose--lignin balance affects the twisted growth of Yunnan pine trunk

cui

Liu

et al. 2022

Preprint

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It is a debate whether trunk twisting belongs to environmental alteration or genetic variation. Through a diallel cross experiment, we first determined that trunk twisting of Yunnan pines was controlled by recessive genes. Anatomical analysis identified that straight and twisty types differed in xylem and phloem. RNA-seq of materials enriched by laser microdissection revealed three genes involved in auxin signal transduction, photosynthesis, and sucrose metabolism, namely ARF, POR, and CBH. These genes were co-expressed at different growth stages of twisty types, and among them, ARF is crucial regulating trunk twisting formation. The enzyme activities involved in sucrose metabolism, carbon fixation, and glycolysis were significantly increased after exogenous auxin was added to twisty types. When auxin signal transduction inhibitor (auxinole) and transport inhibitor (TIBA) were added, the plant height and related pathways were more obviously reduced in straight types. ARF can not only downregulate POR to block chlorophyll synthesis but also allows abundant sucrose to synthesize cellulose. Nevertheless, due to downregulated CBH expression and abnormal cellulolysis, cellulose accumulates and the lignin content decreases, eventually making the trunk highly prone to twisted growth. This study suggests that ARF can be vital in trunk shape screening during the early growth of Yunnan pines.

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“…Thus, these vine-like tomato plants with compact and early yielding characteristics (Kwon et al 2020 ) can be developed to accommodate the plant size and space restrictions of urban agriculture. Recently, the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation of the tomato HEL gene identified in a spontaneous tomato helical ( hel ) mutant also caused vine-like growth of tomato (Yang et al 2020 ), which provides a new idea for developing urban agriculture in the future.…”

Section: Applications Of Genome Editing In Tomato Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in application of genome editing in tomato and recent development of genome editing technology

Xia

Cheng

et al. 2021

Theor Appl Genet

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Genome editing, a revolutionary technology in molecular biology and represented by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, has become widely used in plants for characterizing gene function and crop improvement. Tomato, serving as an excellent model plant for fruit biology research and making a substantial nutritional contribution to the human diet, is one of the most important applied plants for genome editing. Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis, the re-evaluation of tomato genes essential for fruit ripening highlights that several aspects of fruit ripening should be reconsidered. Genome editing has also been applied in tomato breeding for improving fruit yield and quality, increasing stress resistance, accelerating the domestication of wild tomato, and recently customizing tomato cultivars for urban agriculture. In addition, genome editing is continuously innovating, and several new genome editing systems such as the recent prime editing, a breakthrough in precise genome editing, have recently been applied in plants. In this review, these advances in application of genome editing in tomato and recent development of genome editing technology are summarized, and their leaving important enlightenment to plant research and precision plant breeding is also discussed.

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The loss of function of HEL, which encodes a cellulose synthase interactive protein, causes helical and vine-like growth of tomato

Cited by 11 publications

References 46 publications

Spatial consistency of cell growth direction during organ morphogenesis requires CELLULOSE-SYNTHASE INTERACTIVE1

Spatial consistency of cell growth direction during organ morphogenesis requires CELLULOSE-SYNTHASE INTERACTIVE1

The cellulose--lignin balance affects the twisted growth of Yunnan pine trunk

Advances in application of genome editing in tomato and recent development of genome editing technology

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