The lower airways microbiome and antimicrobial peptides in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis differ from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Knudsen, Kristel Svalland; Lehmann, Sverre; Nielsen, Rune; Tangedal, Solveig; Haaland, Ingvild; Hiemstra, Pieter S.; Eagan, Tomas Mikal

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0262082

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Participants were recruited from our outpatient clinic at the Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway, participating in The Microbiome in Interstitial Lung Disease study (MicroILD) [16] and The Bergen Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Microbiome study (MicroCOPD) [17]. All study participants were examined in one center with consistent methodology by the same investigators.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lower airways microbiota and antimicrobial peptides indicate dysbiosis in sarcoidosis

et al. 2022

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Background The role of the pulmonary microbiome in sarcoidosis is unknown. The objectives of this study were the following: (1) examine whether the pulmonary fungal and bacterial microbiota differed in patients with sarcoidosis compared with controls; (2) examine whether there was an association between the microbiota and levels of the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in protected bronchoalveolar lavage (PBAL). Methods Thirty-five sarcoidosis patients and 35 healthy controls underwent bronchoscopy and were sampled with oral wash (OW), protected BAL (PBAL), and left protected sterile brushes (LPSB). The fungal ITS1 region and the V3V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene were sequenced. Bioinformatic analyses were performed with QIIME 2. The AMPs secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and human beta defensins 1 and 2 (hBD-1 and hBD-2), were measured in PBAL by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Aspergillus dominated the PBAL samples in sarcoidosis. Differences in bacterial taxonomy were minor. There was no significant difference in fungal alpha diversity between sarcoidosis and controls, but the bacterial alpha diversity in sarcoidosis was significantly lower in OW (p = 0.047) and PBAL (p = 0.03) compared with controls. The beta diversity for sarcoidosis compared with controls differed for both fungi and bacteria. AMP levels were significantly lower in sarcoidosis compared to controls (SLPI and hBD-1: p < 0.01). No significant correlations were found between alpha diversity and AMPs. Conclusions The pulmonary fungal and bacterial microbiota in sarcoidosis differed from in controls. Lower antimicrobial peptides levels were seen in sarcoidosis, indicating an interaction between the microbiota and the innate immune system. Whether this dysbiosis represents a pathogenic mechanism in sarcoidosis needs to be confirmed in experimental studies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lower airways microbiota and antimicrobial peptides indicate dysbiosis in sarcoidosis

et al. 2022

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“…Besides the known protective effects of LL-37 against invading pathogens at the mucosa, several studies have implicated this peptide in COPD ( 289 , 315 , 336 , 337 , 337 , 338 , 338 , 339 , 339 , 340 , 340 , 341 , 341 , 342 , 342 , 343 , 343 , 344 , 344 , 345 , 345 , 346 , 346 – 351 ). Investigators have demonstrated its association with poor lung function ( 348 , 349 ).…”

Section: Antimicrobial Peptides and Lung Damage In Microbiome-immune ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Airway microbiome-immune crosstalk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

et al. 2023

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has significantly contributed to global mortality, with three million deaths reported annually. This impact is expected to increase over the next 40 years, with approximately 5 million people predicted to succumb to COPD-related deaths annually. Immune mechanisms driving disease progression have not been fully elucidated. Airway microbiota have been implicated. However, it is still unclear how changes in the airway microbiome drive persistent immune activation and consequent lung damage. Mechanisms mediating microbiome-immune crosstalk in the airways remain unclear. In this review, we examine how dysbiosis mediates airway inflammation in COPD. We give a detailed account of how airway commensal bacteria interact with the mucosal innate and adaptive immune system to regulate immune responses in healthy or diseased airways. Immune-phenotyping airway microbiota could advance COPD immunotherapeutics and identify key open questions that future research must address to further such translation.

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“…The presence of a specific microbial community of bacteria in BMSCOPD suggested a difference in the pathophysiology of BMSCOPD, compared with TSCOPD, and also explained the clinical phenotypic differences between these groups ( Table 1 ) [ 67 ]. When comparing the microbiota diversity of COPD and other chronic lung diseases characterised by a rapid decline in lung function, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), it has been reported that the most abundant genera were Streptococcus sp., Rothia , Veillonella , and Prevotella [ 68 ]. The presence of a specific Streptococcus sp.…”

Section: Lung Microbial Dysbiosis and Copdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Lung Microbiota on COPD

et al. 2022

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There is a fine balance in maintaining healthy microbiota composition, and its alterations due to genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors can lead to the onset of respiratory dysfunctions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The relationship between lung microbiota and COPD is currently under study. Little is known about the role of the microbiota in patients with stable or exacerbated COPD. Inflammation in COPD disorders appears to be characterised by dysbiosis, reduced lung activity, and an imbalance between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Lung microbiota intervention could ameliorate these disorders. The microbiota's anti-inflammatory action could be decisive in the onset of pathologies. In this review, we highlight the feedback loop between microbiota dysfunction, immune response, inflammation, and lung damage in relation to COPD status in order to encourage the development of innovative therapeutic goals for the prevention and management of this disease.

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The lower airways microbiome and antimicrobial peptides in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis differ from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

The lower airways microbiota and antimicrobial peptides indicate dysbiosis in sarcoidosis

The lower airways microbiota and antimicrobial peptides indicate dysbiosis in sarcoidosis

Airway microbiome-immune crosstalk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Impact of Lung Microbiota on COPD

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