The Lower and Middle Palaeolithic Industries of the English East Midlands

Posnansky, Merrick

doi:10.1017/s0079497x00015449

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The occurrence of Lower Palaeolithic artefacts in the gravels of the Middle Trent (Posnansky, ) provided an important rationale for the funding of the TVPP. A key finding of the project was that the archaeology occurs predominantly in the gravel of the Etwall (= Upper Hilton) Terrace, which incorporates outwash from the Wragby glaciation, the Palaeolithic archive taking the form of a mixed, highly abraded and frost‐damaged assemblage that was swept from the pre‐MIS 8 landscape and incorporated in these sediments (Bridgland et al ., ).…”

Section: Evidence From the Tvpp 2: The ‘Hilton Terrace’ Glaciation Ofmentioning

confidence: 76%

Evidence for late Middle Pleistocene glaciation of the British margin of the southern North Sea

White

Bridgland

Westaway

et al. 2016

J Quaternary Science

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The timing and extent of late Middle Pleistocene glaciations in England and the southern North Sea are controversial topics. The recent Trent Valley Palaeolithic Project uncovered evidence for a post‐Anglian, pre‐Devensian glaciation that affected much of central and eastern England; the Wragby Till of Lincolnshire is associated with this glacial event, attributed here to Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 8. Coeval glacigenic deposits in the Middle Trent suggest that both western and eastern lobes of MIS 8 ice reached the Derby area. These various deposits have been assigned previously to MIS 12, 10 or 6, although the last can be excluded for the Wragby Till, which is overlain by Trent terrace deposits assigned to MIS 7 (from biostratigraphy and amino acid dating). The disposition of these glacigenic deposits within the landscape, particularly in relation to terrace deposits of the ancestral River Trent, and the absence of MIS 11 and 9 deposits within the footprint of the glaciation also provide compelling evidence. At its maximum extent in eastern England the MIS 8 ice reached the Peterborough area; identifying its extension (or otherwise) into areas such as north‐west Norfolk and the West Midlands requires further work.

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Section: Evidence From the Tvpp 2: The ‘Hilton Terrace’ Glaciation Ofmentioning

confidence: 76%

Evidence for late Middle Pleistocene glaciation of the British margin of the southern North Sea

White

Bridgland

Westaway

et al. 2016

J Quaternary Science

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“…Handaxes of similar andesitic ash found in Leicestershire, Derbyshire, and Lincolnshire (Posnansky 1963;Graf 2002) are from an area too far east to have been glaciated by western ice and therefore could not have been introduced into that area from the north-west. If a natural source for the andesite in pre-existing glacial deposits can be ruled out, the only possible means of introducing it into the Midlands is by human transport.…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Archaeological studies of quartzite in the 1980s (Moloney 1988;Moloney et al 1988) have revealed that, while these pebbles can be used quite easily as tools (once modified), manufacture from this raw material is not as easy to control as the working of flint. The nature of the quartzite in the region, generally found in pebble or cobble form, and often with internal flaws, means a knapper benefits from a 'less is more' approach (Moloney 1988 (Posnansky 1963), Worcestershire (Whitehead 1988), Warwickshire (Fennell & Shotton 1977), Leicestershire (Graf 2002), Lincolnshire (Graf 2002;J. Wymer, pers.…”

Section: Materials Of the Palaeolithic Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These post-Anglian sediments are characteristically above the modern valley floors and cut into the outcrop of the Baginton Formation and are thus possibly reworking material from pre-Anglian sources which would also include the Lower Palaeolithic artefacts. (Posnansky, 1963) and Middle Palaeolithic cave site of Pontnewydd (Green 1984) have extensive evidence of occupation further out from the core areas of early human settlement. Speculative suggestions that human migration in fully temperate phases was made impossible by the density of closed canopy forest (Gamble 1986;, is not backed by the evidence from Waverley Wood, where the occurrence of the handaxes in close association with a temperate woodland fauna and flora (Shotton et al 1993) suggests that a fully forested landscape was not a total barrier to movement.…”

Section: Provenancing the Lower And Middle Palaeolithic Within A Revimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hominid colonisation and the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic of the West Midlands

Lang

Keen

2005

Proc. Prehist. Soc.

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The recognition over the last 20 years that the Quaternary deposits of the West Midlands cover a longer period of time than previously envisaged has led to a re-analysis of their contained Palaeolithic archaeology. Stone tools have been found in the region for over a hundred years and cover most periods of hominid colonisation from the time of the earliest occupants of the country over half a million years ago. Twentieth century research in the West Midlands, often led by Professor F. W. Shotton at the University of Birmingham, correlated the Palaeolithic of the region with the Quaternary geological sequence as it was then understood. Shotton identified the ‘Wolstonian’ glaciation as the key event of the Midlands Pleistocene, around which a chronology for the Palaeolithic could be built and gave an age of less than 250 kyr for this episode. Work since 1985 has compared the Midlands sequence with the oxygen isotope record of the ocean basins and shown that the concept of a relatively recent ‘Wolstonian’ is now untenable and that the former chronology built around it is too short for the observed events in the area. This new time paradigm, with the earliest occupation of the area thought to be c. 500 kyr, has made necessary a reconsideration of the chronology of the Palaeolithic and Middle Pleistocene of the area. This new time framework brings into critical focus the issue of reworking of the archaeology and its true age. The tools themselves present complications of analysis compared to many other areas containing a Palaeolithic record, perhaps most notably through the use of largely non-flint raw materials, some which may have been introduced into the area by early humans or an hither-to unidentified glacial event. This opportunity to present a new chronology of occupation comes out of the work carried out by the ‘Shotton Project’ based at the University of Birmingham, and by the University of Liverpool.

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“…Several literature on archaeological research in Uganda such as Bishop and Posnansky (1960);; Shinnie (1960); Lanning (1953Lanning ( -1970; Marshall (1954); Morris (1956); Pearce and Posnansky (1963); Posnansky (1963); Posnansky and Cole (1963); Soper (1971);Sutton (1985Sutton ( -1998; Robertshaw (1994Robertshaw ( -2010 and, Reid (1994Reid ( -2016, indicate that research has been going on since the early 1920s. The foundation of this research was set by the staff of the Uganda Geological Survey Department, led by E.J.…”

Section: Background Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical analysis of archaeological research trends in Uganda: 1920-2018

Okeny¹,

Kyazike²,

Gumoshabe³

2020

Afr. J. Hist. Cult.

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Much as the first collections of stone tools in East Africa were made by geologist J.W. Gregory, beginning in 1893, E.J. Wayland's joined the government service in Uganda in 1919 to set East African Archaeology on the course that it was to follow for the next 40 years or more. However, over 90 years from its inception, a larger percentage of archaeological research in Uganda seems regionally imbalanced, dominated by foreign researchers and periodically generalized. In order to understand these anomalies, this study undertook a critical literature review of archaeological research data from 1920 to 2018. The main objectives were to; document the regional distribution of archaeological research in Uganda; analyze the interplay between local and foreign researchers, and examine the period of archaeological research, that is Stone Age or Iron Age. Results show that, there is a wide gap in regional distribution of archaeological research in Uganda, dominated by foreign researchers with a focus on Iron Age period. The study concludes that, the limited research interest in other parts of Uganda is not because of lack of archaeology but a long set ideology of foreign researchers to dominate local research space. This calls for active involvement of local researchers in archaeological research, in order to neutralise the long set colonial research ideology and take charge of archaeological research directions. This will aid in narrowing the regional research gaps as well as presenting the true picture of Uganda's past.

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The Lower and Middle Palaeolithic Industries of the English East Midlands

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Evidence for late Middle Pleistocene glaciation of the British margin of the southern North Sea

Evidence for late Middle Pleistocene glaciation of the British margin of the southern North Sea

Hominid colonisation and the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic of the West Midlands

Critical analysis of archaeological research trends in Uganda: 1920-2018

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