“…Recently, improved colossal dielectric permittivity of these oxides can be observed in single and codoped CCTO ceramics [ 1 , 2 , 15 , 17 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. Considering the heteroatomic substitution method, colossal permittivity with low tan δ was reported in (A 5+ , B 3+ ) codoped TiO 2 ceramics such as (Nb 5+ , In 3+ ) [ 1 ], (Nb 5+ , Al 3+ ) [ 35 ], (Nb 5+ , Ga 3+ ) [ 34 ], and (Nb 2+ , Sc 3+ ) [ 36 ] codoped TiO 2 ceramics.…”