The Lowest Diploid Number (2n = 16) yet Found in Any Primate: Callicebus lugens (Humboldt, 1811)

Bonvicino, Cibele Rodrigues; Penna-Firme, V.; Nascimento, Fabrícia F.; Lemos, Bernardo; Stanyon, Roscoe; Seuánez, Héctor N.

doi:10.1159/000070647

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…41) to 2n ϭ 16 (Callicebus lugens; ref. 42). However, in this case, detailed cytogenetic analysis by using FISH shows that despite the diversity and the rearranged karyotype, the synteny of 11 human chromosomes is maintained intact in Callicebus callicebus (43).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Painting of fourth in genus Drosophila suggests autosome-specific gene regulation

Larsson

Svensson

Stenberg

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Painting of fourth (POF) is a chromosome-specific protein in Drosophila and represents the first example of an autosome-specific protein. POF binds to chromosome 4 in Drosophila melanogaster, initiating at the proximal region, followed by a spreading dependent on chromosome 4-specific sequences or structures. Chromosome-specific gene regulation is known thus far only as a mechanism to equalize the transcriptional activity of the single male X chromosome with that of the two female X chromosomes. In Drosophila, a complex including the male-specific lethal proteins, ''paints'' the male X chromosome, mediating its hypertranscription, explained to some extent by the acetylation of lysine 16 on histone H4. Here, we show that Pof is essential for viability in both sexes and for female fertility. POF binding to an autosome, the F element, is conserved in genus Drosophila, indicating functional conservation of the autosome specificity. In three of nine studied species, POF binds to the male X chromosome. When bound to the male X, it also colocalizes with the dosage compensation protein male-specific lethal 3, suggesting a relationship to dosage compensation. The chromosome specificity is determined at the species level and not by the amino acid sequence. We argue that POF is involved in a chromosome-specific regulatory function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Painting of fourth in genus Drosophila suggests autosome-specific gene regulation

Larsson

Svensson

Stenberg

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Collecting sites, morphological traits, and karyotypic description of the C. lugens samples used here for chromosome painting were recently described (Bonvicino et al 2003). Briefly, metaphase preparations were obtained from bone marrow cultures from four wild, caught C. lugens after a brief culture.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cytogenetic studies have shown that New World primates are karyologically diverse, and some species are highly derived with respect to the chromosome complement of humans or a presumed platyrrhine ancestor (Chu and Bender 1962;Koiffmann and Saldanha 1981;Consigliere et al 1996Consigliere et al , 1998Stanyon et al 2000;Bonvicino et al 2003). The genus Callicebus is one of the best examples of this diversity because diploid numbers among species range from 2n=50 (Rodrigues et al 2001) to 2n=16 (Bonvicino et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genus Callicebus is one of the best examples of this diversity because diploid numbers among species range from 2n=50 (Rodrigues et al 2001) to 2n=16 (Bonvicino et al 2003). This latter karyotype, reported in Callicebus lugens, shows the lowest diploid number yet found in the primate order and represents a striking example of extreme genomic shuffling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chromosome painting in Callicebus lugens , the species with the lowest diploid number (2 n =16) known in primates

et al. 2003

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Cytogenetic studies have shown that New World primates are karyologically diverse and highly derived. The genus Callicebus is the best example of this karyological diversity, with diploid numbers ranging from 2n=50 to 2n=16. We report on Callicebus lugens, which has the lowest diploid number (2n=16) yet found in the primate order and represents a striking example of extreme karyotypic shuffling. To better understand the genomic rearrangements that have resulted in this extremely low diploid number, we mapped chromosome homologies between C. lugens and humans by in situ hybridization. The total number of hybridization signals was 42, excluding the Y chromosome, with a total of 34 syntenic associations not found in humans. This species has one of the most derived karyotypes among the Platyrrhini. Fusion has been the predominant mode of karyological evolution, although fissions and inversions have also transformed the C. lugens karyotype. Remarkably in such a highly rearranged karyotype, the synteny of 11 human chromosomes (4, 5, 9, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 20, 21, and X) was maintained intact, even if most of these human-homologous gene clusters were translocated. Other human syntenies, such as homologues to human chromosomes 10 and 16, were highly fragmented. Comparisons of the C. lugens-human homology map with those of other New World primates have not yet helped establish a phylogenic arrangement between congeneric species or link Callicebus with any other genus.

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“…Van Roosmalen et al (2002) recognized 28 species arranged in five species groups (donacophilus, moloch, cupreus, torquatus and personatus) while karyologic studies showed a wide spectrum of variation in diploid chromosome number, ranging from 2n = 50 in C. hoffmannsi to 2n = 16 in C. lugens, the species with the lowest diploid number in the primate order ( Fig. 5; Bonvicino et al, 2003b). While molecular studies associated Callicebus with Pithecia, Cacajao and Chiropotes, it has been so far impossible to clearly link Callicebus to any other platyrrhine genus by phylogenetic reconstructions based on comparative karyology.…”

Section: Pithecid Radiation: Molecular and Cytogenetic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The primates of the Neotropics: genomes and chromosomes

Seuánez

Bonvicino²,

Moreira³

2004

Cytogenet Genome Res

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The classification of neotropical primates has been controversial. Different arrangements have been proposed, depending on taxonomic criteria and on the traits selected for phylogenetic reconstructions. These include gross morphologic characters, karyotypic attributes and DNA sequence data of nuclear and mitochondrial genes and of repetitive genomic components. These approaches have substantially clarified the main intergeneric relationships although several intrageneric arrangements still remain to be elucidated. In this review, we compare karyologic and molecular data of this speciose group.

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The Lowest Diploid Number (2n = 16) yet Found in Any Primate: Callicebus lugens (Humboldt, 1811)

Cited by 25 publications

References 21 publications

Painting of fourth in genus Drosophila suggests autosome-specific gene regulation

Painting of fourth in genus Drosophila suggests autosome-specific gene regulation

Chromosome painting in Callicebus lugens , the species with the lowest diploid number (2 n =16) known in primates

The primates of the Neotropics: genomes and chromosomes

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