The lubricating effect of iPS-reprogrammed fibroblasts on collagen-GAG scaffolds for cartilage repair applications

Personalized Scaffolds for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing Using Extracellular Matrix from Induced Pluripotent Stem‐Reprogrammed Patient Cells

“…In order to prove iDFU‐derived ECM was capable of inducing a successful matrix deposition by seeded DFU, we have monitored key elements like collagen III, fibronectin 1, and GAGs, as they are key to healthy scarless regeneration and they are impaired in DFU matrix deposition [10c,15,26] . Following cell seeding onto the scaffolds, all scaffolds demonstrated the ability to support cell growth at the same level as controls and comparable to previous studies keeping the same readout and methods previously developed [5b,23a,27] ( Figure 3 A). While the GAG levels decreased versus their starting values for control fibroblasts and DFU seeded on CG (as previously seen in refs.…”

“…While the GAG levels decreased versus their starting values for control fibroblasts and DFU seeded on CG (as previously seen in refs. [23a,27]), GAG levels for Coll‐DFU and Coll‐iDFU remained consistent with unseeded scaffolds (Figure 3B). In future work it will be interesting to determine whether the GAG in our ECM‐activated scaffolds being of human origin—versus shark origin for the CG—plays a role in this, or whether the lower level of GAGs is desirable for regeneration.…”

“…In future work it will be interesting to determine whether the GAG in our ECM‐activated scaffolds being of human origin—versus shark origin for the CG—plays a role in this, or whether the lower level of GAGs is desirable for regeneration. [ 25,28 ] In order to analyze protein deposition induced by the scaffolds after 3 weeks seeding (a readout that can also be monitored and quantified subsequently in vivo), we opted to quantify the ECM produced via immunofluorescence quantification [23a,27] . When we analyzed protein distribution across the scaffold, we found that the diverse ECM components were evenly distributed.…”

“…Column width and the pore size of the scaffold micro structure was quantified by manually assessing SEM images (n ¼ 3 scaffolds) using an ImageJ quantification tool. [27] Assessment of VEGF Expression: Supernatants from cultured scaffolds were collected at the 3 week time-point (48 h after the last media change) and centrifuged to remove any cellular debris. Samples were stored at À80 °C until analysis.…”

Articular and Artificial Cartilage, Characteristics, Properties and Testing Approaches—A Review

“…Biological factors also have a significant impact on CoF in cartilage. GAGs/PGs formation and existence result in fluid pressurization and consequently variation in tribological properties [ 83 ]. These materials exhibit resistance against the interstitial fluid flow, leading to a low permeability rate (~10–15 to 10–16 m 4 /Ns) [ 84 ].…”