The lymphocyte cytokinesis block micronucleus test in human populations occupationally exposed to vinyl chloride: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Improving the Healthiness of Sustainable Construction: Example of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

“…Studies of workers exposed to VCM and patients with existing angiosarcoma of the liver or pre-malignant angiosarcoma lesions identified the presence of specific point mutations in serum. The increased presence of these genes was also associated with cumulative exposure to VCM [60].…”

“…For example, recent research using biomarkers to measure individual exposure to VCM is indicating that cellular damage from VCM occurs at concentrations below the generally recommended levels, and is influenced by common genetic polymorphisms [60].…”

“…Following inhalation, VCM is primarily metabolized in the liver to the electrophilic intermediates, chloroethylene oxide and chloroacetaldehyde [60]. These compounds are both able to bind to proteins, DNA and RNA and may also form DNA adducts [52].…”

“…These compounds are both able to bind to proteins, DNA and RNA and may also form DNA adducts [52]. Exposure to VCM has been shown to lead to chromosomal damage [61][62][63], specific point mutations and altered mRNA expression of genes involved in cell processes [60,64], and markedly altered lipid and amino acid metabolites which may increase the risk of disease [65]. Studies of workers exposed to VCM and patients with existing angiosarcoma of the liver or pre-malignant angiosarcoma lesions identified the presence of specific point mutations in serum.…”

“…However, this varied between individuals, indicating a potential relationship between gene polymorphisms controlling the activation/ detoxification of VCM and DNA repair [60]. The extent of DNA damage is able to be measured by the amount of micronuclei (MN) detected (MN frequency).…”