The LYSOGENIC CYCLE OF THE FILAMENTOUS PHAGE Cflt from Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri

Kuo, Tsong‐Teh; Lin, Yu-Huei; Huang, Chung-Ming; Chang, Shau-Feng; Dai, Hwa; Feng, Tao

doi:10.1016/0042-6822(87)90410-7

Cited by 37 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Like other filamentous Ff-type phages that infect plant pathogenic bacteria, including X. campestris phage Cf1c (34), Cf1t (32,33), Cf16v1 (8), and φLf (36,53), and X. fastidiosa phage Xfφf1 (51), infection with φRSS1 does not cause host cell lysis. Instead, it establishes a persistent association between the host and phage, releasing phage particles from the growing host cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests a temperate phage of φRSS1 and a relation to the phylogenetic variation of host cells. Other filamentous Ff-like phage known to have a lysogenic cycle include Xanthomonas campestris phage Cf1c (34), Cf1t (32,33), Cf16v1 (8), and φLf (36), Xylella fastidiosa phage Xfφf1 (51), Yersinia pestis phage CUSφ-2 (20), and Vibrio cholerae phage VGJφ and CTXφ (5,26). The host bacteria of these phage are pathogenic to plants and animals, and are frequently involved in pathogenesis.…”

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The Filamentous Phage ϕRSS1 Enhances Virulence of Phytopathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum on Tomato

Addy

Askora²,

Kawasaki³

et al. 2012

Phytopathology®

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Ralstonia solanacearum is the causative agent of bacterial wilt in many important crops. ϕRSS1 is a filamentous phage that infects R. solanacearum strains. Upon infection, it alters the physiological state and the behavior of host cells. Here, we show that R. solanacearum infected by ϕRSS1 becomes more virulent on host plants. Some virulence and pathogenicity factors, such as extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis and twitching motility, increased in the bacterial host cells infected with ϕRSS1, resulting in early wilting. Tomato plants inoculated with ϕRSS1-infected bacteria wilted 2 to 3 days earlier than those inoculated with wild-type bacteria. Infection with ϕRSS1 induced early expression of phcA, the global virulence regulator. phcA expression was detected in ϕRSS1-infected cells at cell density as low as 10(4) CFU/ml. Filamentous phages are assembled on the host cell surface and many phage particles accumulate on the cell surface. These surface-associated phage particles (phage proteins) may change the cell surface nature (hydrophobicity) to give high local cell densities. ϕRSS1 infection also enhanced PilA and type IV pilin production, resulting in increased twitching motility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

The Filamentous Phage ϕRSS1 Enhances Virulence of Phytopathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum on Tomato

Addy

Askora²,

Kawasaki³

et al. 2012

Phytopathology®

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“…These results clearly demonstrate the temperate phage nature of RSM1. Other filamentous Ff-like phages known to have a lysogenic cycle include Xanthomonas campestris phages Cf1c (22), Cf1t (20,21), Cf16v1 (7), and Lf (24); Xylella fastidiosa phage Xff1 (35); Yersinia pestis phage CUS-2 (11); and Vibrio cholerae phages VGJ (5) and CTX (18). These host bacteria are pathogenic for plants and animals, and the phages are frequently involved in pathogenesis.…”

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Genomic Characterization of the Filamentous Integrative Bacteriophages φRSS1 and φRSM1, Which Infect Ralstonia solanacearum

et al. 2007

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The genomic DNA sequences were determined for two filamentous integrative bacteriophages, RSS1 and RSM1, of the phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. The 6,662-base sequence of RSS1 contained 11 open reading frames (ORFs). In the databases, this sequence showed high homology (95% identity) to the circular double-stranded DNA plasmid pJTPS1 (6,633 bp) isolated from a spontaneously occurring avirulent mutant of R. solanacearum. Two major differences between the two sequences were observed within RSS1 ORF7, corresponding to pIII, a minor coat protein required for host adsorption, and at the RSS1 intergenic (IG) region. The 9,004-base sequence of RSM1 showed 12 ORFs located on the same strand (plus strand) and 2 ORFs on the opposite strand. Compared with Ff-type phages, two insertions are obvious in the RSM1 replication module. Genomic DNA fragments containing the RSM integration junctions were cloned and sequenced from RSM lysogenic strain R. solanacearum MAFF211270. The att core sequence was identified as 5-TGGCGGAGAGGGT-3, corresponding to the 3 end of the serine tRNA (UCG) gene. Interestingly, ORF14, located next to the attP site on the RSM1 genome, showed high amino acid sequence homology with bacterial DNA recombinases and resolvases, different from XerCD recombinases. attP of RSS1 is within a sequence element of the IG region.Ralstonia solanacearum is a soil-borne gram-negative bacterium known to be the causative agent of bacterial wilt in many important crops (14,38). This bacterium has an unusually wide host range, with more than 200 species belonging to more than 50 botanical families (14). R. solanacearum strains represent a heterogeneous group subdivided into five races on the basis of their host range or six biovars on the basis of their physiological and biochemical characteristics (14). Recently, the complete genome sequence of R. solanacearum GMI1000 was reported (31). The 5.8-Mbp genome is organized into two replicons, a 3.7-Mbp chromosome and a 2.1-Mbp megaplasmid. The genome encodes a total of 5,129 predicted proteins, many of which are potentially associated with a role in pathogenicity. To accelerate comprehensive functional analyses of the pathogenicity of this pathogen, efficient molecular biological tools for R. solanacearum are required.Very recently, Yamada et al. (39) detected and isolated various kinds of bacteriophage that specifically infect races of R. solanacearum. These phages may be useful as a tool for molecular biological studies of R. solanacearum pathogenicity. They could also be used for specific and efficient detection of harmful pathogens in cropping ecosystems, as well as growing crops. Two of them, RSM1 and RSS1, were characterized as Ff-like phages (inoviruses) on the basis of their particle morphology, genomic single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), and infection cycle. Despite their similar filamentous morphology, their genome sizes (9.0 kb for RSM1 and 6.6 kb for RSS1) and genome sequences were different. Strains of R. solanacearum that were sensitive to RSM1 were resistant to RSS...

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“…The ~bLf genome is approximately 1300 bases smaller than that of the filamentous phage Cflc of X. c. pv. citri (7308 bases; Kuo et al, 1991); we were interested in the genomic organization of filamentous Xanthomonas phages of different sizes. However a comparison was not possible since ORFs were not identified in the Cflc genome.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…c. pv. citri (Dai et al, 1980(Dai et al, , 1988Kuo et al, 1991) and ~bLf of X. c. pv. campestris (Tseng et al, 1990).…”

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Characterization of two novel filamentous phages of Xanthomonas

Lin¹,

You²,

Huang³

et al. 1994

Journal of General Virology

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Two filamentous phages of Xanthomonas campestris pv.vesicatoria and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae were isolated and designated ~bXv and ~bXo, respectively. They were similar to other filamentous phages of Xanthomonas in (i) shape, (ii) restrictive host specificity, (iii) high stability, (iv) an ssDNA genome, (v) a dsDNA as the replicative form (RF), (vi) propagation without lysis of host cells and (vii) ability to integrate into the host chromosome. These phages showed sequence homology to filamentous phage ~bLf ofX. c. pv. campestris. ~bXv was inactivated by antisera against q~Xv, ~bXo and ~bLf, whereas ~bXo and ~bLf were inactivated only by their respective antisera and the anti-~bXv serum. Both the single-stranded phage DNAs and the RF DNAs of q~Xv, ~bXo and ~bLf were able to transfect X. c. pv. vesicatoria, X. o. pv. oryzae and X. c. pv. campestris. Physical maps of ~bXv and ~bXo were constructed for the RF DNAs.Genome sizes were estimated, based on mapping data, to be 6"8 kb for ~bXv and 7-6 kb for ~bXo, larger than that of the ~bLf genome (6.0 kb). The difference in genome sizes appeared to result from insertions of large DNA fragments. These fragments and the regions mediating integration were localized in the physical maps.

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The LYSOGENIC CYCLE OF THE FILAMENTOUS PHAGE Cflt from Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri

Cited by 37 publications

References 15 publications

The Filamentous Phage ϕRSS1 Enhances Virulence of Phytopathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum on Tomato

The Filamentous Phage ϕRSS1 Enhances Virulence of Phytopathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum on Tomato

Genomic Characterization of the Filamentous Integrative Bacteriophages φRSS1 and φRSM1, Which Infect Ralstonia solanacearum

Characterization of two novel filamentous phages of Xanthomonas

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