The MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale as a general measure of substance misuse.

The Prediction of Drug Use Among College Students From MMPI, MCMI, and Sensation Seeking Scales

“…These findings suggest that both of these measures, originally developed specifically to identify alcohol abuse and dependence, may be useful in identifying abuse of a wide varietv of other substances. In the case of the MAC scale, this latter finding is consistent with results from other investigations (e.g., Lachar, Berman, Grisell, & Schoof, 1976;Sutker, Archer, Brantley, & Kilpatrick, 1979). The multidrug sensitivity of the Millon Alcohol Abuse scale, however, had not been established in prior research.…”

Behavioral, psychological, and historical correlates of MacAndrew scale scores among male alcoholics

“…Schwartz and Graham (1979) concluded that high MAC scores reflected a "shallow, impulsively aggressive or hostile interpersonal stance characterized by a high level of energy expenditure" (p. 1094). Lachar et al (1976), with a psychiatric sample, ascribed descriptors of assaultive, immature, and less withdrawn to high MAC scorers. Lachar et al (1976), with a psychiatric sample, ascribed descriptors of assaultive, immature, and less withdrawn to high MAC scorers.…”

“…Since its empirical derivation to discriminate male alcoholics from male non-substance-abusing psychiatric outpatients, the MacAndrew scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) (MAC; MacAndrew, 1965) has demonstrated repeatedly its ability concurrently and predictively to distinguish male alcoholics from male nonalcoholics with and without other psychiatric difficulties (e,g., Kranitz, 1972;Lachar et al, 1976; see reviews by Apfeldorf, 1978;MacAndrew, 1979aMacAndrew, , 1981a. Failures to differentiate groups have been rare and have usually been presumed attributable to undetected inclusion of alcoholics in "nonalcoholic" groups (e.g., Schwartz and Graham, 1979).…”

“…That the scale detects a more general propensity to substance abuse has been strongly suggested by findings that "alcoholic" MAC scores are obtained by heroin addicts, polydrug abusers, massively obese persons awaiting bypass surgery, and male smokers (Krantiz, 1972;Lachar et al, 1976;Leon et al, 1979a,b;MacAndrew, 1981a). That the scale detects a more general propensity to substance abuse has been strongly suggested by findings that "alcoholic" MAC scores are obtained by heroin addicts, polydrug abusers, massively obese persons awaiting bypass surgery, and male smokers (Krantiz, 1972;Lachar et al, 1976;Leon et al, 1979a,b;MacAndrew, 1981a).…”

“…For example, highschool students scoring higher on abbreviated forms of the MAC tend to report more crimes against property and physical aggressiveness, as well as drunkenness and use of other drugs (Rathus et al, 1980); these authors correctly noted the tenuous connection of this behavioral cluster to adult alcoholism. Lachar et al (1976) correlated the MAC with clinical ratings among male Air Force psychiatric samples. Results showed little support for the position that the MAC reflects general antisociality (e.g., statistically significant but low correlation with Pd).…”