“…Officially (EC, 2016) the MIP was not envisaged as a pure EWS system but has been treated as such by relevant academic literature (Biegun & Karwowski, 2020; Domonkos et al, 2017a; Knedlik, 2014; Siranova & Radvansky, 2018; Sondermann & Zorell, 2019). Several papers have already tested its usefulness in predicting sovereign crisis (Garcıa & Bengoechea, 2018; Knedlik, 2014), multidimensional economic and financial crisis (Biegun & Karwowski, 2020) or extensive list of different crisis events (Erhart, 2019).…”