The Macrolides: Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, and Azithromycin

Alvarez-Elcoro, Salvador; Enzler, Mark J.

doi:10.4065/74.6.613

Cited by 233 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 268 publications

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“…Several trials of azithromycin in the treatment of URTIs, have studied a 5-day once daily (OD) course and found it to be as effective as a 7-14-day course of commonly used oral antimicrobials, administered 2-4 times a day [5,11]. In children, although both azithromycin and clarithromycin are well tolerated, azithromycin has the advantage of shorter treatment regimens and improved tolerance, potentially improving compliance in the treatment of respiratory tract and skin or soft tissue infections [12]. In a clinical study comparing the 3-day azithromycin course with other agents, patients who were treated with azithromycin exhibited a significantly higher degree of compliance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Azithromycin in Acute Bacterial Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: An Indian Non-Interventional Study

Donde

Mishra

Kochhar

2012

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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To assess the effectiveness, safety and tolerability of azithromycin in acute bacterial upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). In this open-label, prospective, multi-center, non-interventional study in bacterial URTI, the decision to prescribe azithromycin was independent of enrolment. Follow up was 1 week after treatment and if possible, at Week 2. Investigators' assessment of clinical outcome (Success/Failure) at the end of study was the primary endpoint for efficacy analysis. Clinical outcome of 'Success' was defined as the global response of Cure or Improvement. A pharmacoeconomic analysis of management of URTIs was also attempted. Of the 410 patients recruited, all were evaluated for safety and 278 for efficacy. The median treatment duration was 3 days. Following treatment with azithromycin, overall success rate was 98.92% (95% CI 96.88-99.78%; Clopper-Pearson method). The success rate was similar across the subgroups of acute otitis media-100%, bacterial sinusitis-95.83%, and pharyngotonsillitis-99.38%. The success rate was 100% among children and adolescents (age B18 years) and 98.6% among adults (age[18 years). Most of the common signs and symptoms of URTI reported during baseline, significantly improved at the end of the study. Sixteen (3.90%) patients reported treatment emergent adverse events, the most common being diarrhea-5 (1.2%) and flatulence-2 (0.5%). The average cost of treating bacterial URTI was INR 716 per patient. Azithromycin is effective and well tolerated in Indian patients with bacterial URTIs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Azithromycin in Acute Bacterial Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: An Indian Non-Interventional Study

Donde

Mishra

Kochhar

2012

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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“…Treatment is requested, because it provides eradication of the bacteria and more rapid clinical improvement, decreases the rate of reinfection, prevents the invasion of infection, provides relief of the sypmtoms, shortens the disease time and decreases the risk of development of complications which threaten vision (28,(30)(31)(32)(33)(34). Ophtalmic antibiotics which are administered for a shorter period and with simpler doses increase the efficiency of treatment (35). The treatment usually consists of a 7-10-day course of broad-spectrum topical antibiotics (32).…”

Section: Acute Bacterial Conjunctivitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Çocuklarda konjonktivitler

...

2012

Tpa

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Review Sum maryPediatric conjunctivitis is a common condition in childhood. It has often benign etiology and a self-limited course. Conjunctivitis may occur due to infectious and non infectious causes. Infectious causes include bacterial and viral conjunctivitis; noninfectious causes include allergic and chemical conjunctivitis. The diagnosis should be done according to clinical symptoms and findings. Also the treatment should be applied according to causes. In this review; the etiology, diagnosis, course and treatment of pediatric conjunctivitis will be described. (Turk Arch Ped 2012; 47: 237-243)

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“…Macrolides are a class of compounds that exert antibiotic activity against most Gram-positive bacteria and several Gram-negative respiratory and enteric pathogens [1][2][3][4]. The main building block common to all macrolides is a large and highly substituted 14-, 15-or 16-membered macrolactone ring on which one to three sugar moieties such as cladinose and desosamine are usually attached.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an additional advantage, azithromycin retains high and prolonged tissue levels, ensuring that pathogens are continuously exposed to high bactericidal effects [4]. As a result, azithromycin needs significantly shorter administration time and also shows better tolerance to treatment in patients [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%