In Scotland, the exploitation of gender history's potential to enact a fundamental paradigm shift in historical enquiry is a relatively recent endeavour. In 1990, the paucity of printed scholarship on women was such that in their pioneering collection of essays on the gendered division of labour in industrialising Scotland, Eleanor Gordon and Esther Breitenbach decried the 'enormous disjuncture between research and interest on the one hand and published material on the other'. 1 Within medieval and early modern scholarship, the situation was similarly bleak, in 1995 Elizabeth Ewan declaring starkly 'we still know little about early Scottish women'. 2 Approximately twenty years later, the picture is dramatically altered, with an emerging consciousness that gender history in Scotland is reaching maturity. The past two decades have witnessed the gradual accumulation of a corpus of wide-ranging and innovative research, exploring the material realities and discursive contexts of Scots women and men's lives across all time periods. Burgeoning research communities have been facilitated by the development of an institutional and committee-level infrastructure, with in 1995 the formation of the Scottish Women's History Network, now Women's History Scotland, and in 2008 the establishment of the Centre for Gender History at the University of Glasgow, currently hosting the prestigious international journal Gender and History. In addition, two new reference works, Gender in Scottish History since 1700 and a Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women, both published in 2006, are fulfilling a valuable synthesising role and bringing the arguments and concerns of gender history to a wider audience. 3 The objective of this article is to provide a useful synthesis of recent research for those interested in employing gender as a category of historical analysis, focusing on the key themes of politics, imperialism, work, family life, sexuality, literature and religion. By no means exhaustive, it aspires to highlight the subject matter within these themes that appears to