The magnetohydrodynamic power generator-basic principles, state of the art, and areas of application

Kantrowitz, Arthur; Brogan, T.R.; Rosa, R.J.; Louis, J. F.

doi:10.1109/iret-mil.1962.5008403

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The flow of a liquid metal in the presence of a strong applied magnetic field is described by magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), which couples Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism with the Navier-Stokes equations of hydrodynamics. MHD modelling is ubiquitous in astrophysics for describing plasma, and has also been used widely to model liquid metals in areas such as metallurgy (Davidson 1999(Davidson , 2001, crystal growth processes (Langlois & Lee 1983), pumps and power systems (Kantrowitz et al 1962;Weier et al 2007), as well as for use within a tokamak, the vessel used to magnetically confine a plasma (Fiflis et al 2016). This latter scenario is the focus of the present study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow of a thin liquid-metal film in a toroidal magnetic field

Lunz

Howell

2019

J. Fluid Mech.

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We investigate the gravity-driven flow of a thin film of liquid metal on a conducting conical substrate in the presence of a strong toroidal magnetic field (transverse to the flow and parallel to the substrate). We solve the leading-order governing equations in a physically relevant asymptotic limit to find the free-surface profile. We find that the leading-order fluid flow rate is a non-monotonic bounded function of the film height, and this can lead to singularities in the free-surface profile. We perform a detailed stability analysis and identify values of the relevant geometric, hydrodynamic and magnetic parameters such that the flow is stable.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow of a thin liquid-metal film in a toroidal magnetic field

Lunz

Howell

2019

J. Fluid Mech.

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“…Although the main focus of the present study is on the application of MHD in marine propulsion systems, the magneto-hydrodynamic interactions and forces is important in many other fields including aerospace, astrophysics (Stenflo 2015 andSkala et al 2015), and metallurgy, and can play a decisive role in the field of modern technologies such as nanotechnology (Zhang et.al 2007) and fusion reactors (Dhanai et.al, 2015). Even in the field of fluid dynamics, in addition to the propulsion system, MHD is used in other areas including MHD generators and pumps (Smy, 1961;Kantrowitz, 1962) and flow control (Popov, 1971;Wu, 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Experimental Investigation on a Low Profile Magneto-Hydrodynamic Propulsive Blanket, Considering Plasma Generation

Chekab

Ghadimi

Sheikholeslami

et al. 2018

JAFM

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The use of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) blanket propulsion system in ships, even with low efficiencies, has particular benefits that can make them an appropriate option for the marine designers. Accordingly, any attempt to increase the efficiency of these systems requires full recognition of their performance in different conditions. In the present study, as a continuation of previous numerical works by the current authors, a magneto-hydrodynamic blanket propulsion system has been built and experimentally studied through examining the MHD forces produced in different voltages. Copper and gold have been used and compared as electrodes and the high advantage of gold has been demonstrated. The effect of electrolysis on the behavior of the blanket is analyzed. It has been demonstrated that although electrolysis restricts high currents in lower voltages (lower than ~140V) and the saturation of hydrogen decreases the MHD forces due to low electrical current (~140V up to ~160V), the saturation of hydrogen around cathode at high voltages (more than ~160V), makes a dielectric barrier which soon breaks down and make the production of plasma possible, which in turn highly increases the thrust force of the MHD blanket. Therefore, three regimes have been introduced and described for the MHD blanket; the electrolysis regime, the transition regime, and the hot plasma regime. Based on the obtained results, one may conclude that the present results have offered good evidence about the possibility of increasing the MHD blanket performance through plasma production in water.

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“…6 Also, the term ''magnetohydrodynamics'' was first proposed by Alfven in 1941. 7 Magneto-hydrodynamics has been and is still used in many fields including astrophysics, 8,9 MHD generators and pumps, 10,11 metallurgy, 12,13 fusion reactors, 14,15 nanotechnologies, 16,17 flow control, 18,19 and aerospace 20 and marine 21,22 propulsion systems. In the field of marine propulsion, perhaps one of the first related patents and manuscripts dates back to 1960s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taguchi parametric analysis of the effects of electrode and magnetic actuator characteristics on Lorentz forces and heat transfer of a weak low-profile magneto-hydrodynamic blanket propulsion system

Chekab

Ghadimi

2016

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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Parametric studies are conducted on different aspects of a planar MHD propulsion system called propulsive MHD blanket. Effects of nine different parameters on the electro-magnetic thrust, efficiency, and heat transfer of the blanket are investigated. To efficiently conduct the parametric analysis, the Taguchi test design method is used and 16 cases are defined. The Ansys-CFX commercial code is utilized as numerical solver and the obtained results are validated using the Hartman problem which indicated a negligible error of 0.16%. Electromagnetism, energy, mass, and momentum equations are considered for the fluid domain and heat transfer and electromagnetism equations are solved for the solid domain. On one hand, magnet shapes and type are found to be the highest effective parameters, followed by the electrodes voltage, length, and width. On the other hand, a prediction of the best combination of parameters for obtaining the highest electro-magnetic thrust are statistically accomplished which has produced an electro-magnetic thrust of 18.02 N per square meter for the MHD blanket which is twice the maximum electro-magnetic thrust obtained in the 16 initial test cases. It is demonstrated in the present paper that the unique applications of propulsive MHD blanket can compensate the very low efficiencies of MHD systems. It has also been shown that efficiency can be improved by enhancing the water conductivity, which is intended as a future study.

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The magnetohydrodynamic power generator-basic principles, state of the art, and areas of application

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Flow of a thin liquid-metal film in a toroidal magnetic field

Flow of a thin liquid-metal film in a toroidal magnetic field

Preliminary Experimental Investigation on a Low Profile Magneto-Hydrodynamic Propulsive Blanket, Considering Plasma Generation

Taguchi parametric analysis of the effects of electrode and magnetic actuator characteristics on Lorentz forces and heat transfer of a weak low-profile magneto-hydrodynamic blanket propulsion system

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